Diversity in the darkness: addressing gaps in our knowledge of subterranean biodiversity in North America

Dr. Matthew Niemiller

Associate Professor, University of Alabama - Huntsville

Abstract

Caves, groundwater, and other subterranean habitats harbor a diverse and significant fauna that provide significant economic and

societal value (i.e., ecosystem services), from water purification and nutrient recycling to being important models for developmental and

human health research. Yet, our knowledge of subterranean biodiversity is extremely limited and adheres to the idiom “out of sight, out of

mind.” Most cave-obligate species are diminutive, non-charismatic, and occur in habitats that are literally hidden below the earth.

Consequently, significant knowledge gaps exist related to true levels of diversity, distributions, abundance, evolutionary history, and life

history of subterranean fauna.The ever-increasing risk of biodiversity loss from a plethora of threats, such as urbanization, groundwater

pollution, and climate change, adds urgency to our need to understand the responses and resiliency of subterranean biodiversity in the face

of environmental change. Here I review cave and groundwater fauna in North America, including its diversity, importance, knowledge gaps,

and conservation status. I also will discuss new approaches and initiatives to address these knowledge shortfalls and offer recommendations for future research and conservation and management efforts.