B4 - Organising animals and plants
Independent learning
Introduction
In this chapter, you will learn about the organisation of animals and plants. You will study the cardiovascular system including the heart, how it works and some of the problems and solutions related to it.
By the end of this unit you should be clear on the difference between breathing and respiration and how we are adapted to exchange gasses with the atmosphere.
You will also study plants, concentrating on the process of transpiration. You need to be able to name and give the functions of the organs and cells involved and explain how external conditions will affect the rate of transpiration
Specification links
Task 1: Know
Task 1a: Use look, cover, write check to learn the answers to the core questions and the keywords for this topic
Task 1b: listen to the podcast to get an overview of this unit
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Learn
Task 2: Blood
Task 2c: Make notes:
List the components of blood
State the function(s) and adaptations of each component
Explain how blood clotting works
Task 2d: True/False quiz – Correct the false ones
Blood is made up of plasma, WBCs, RBCs and platelets
White blood cells carry oxygen around the body
Red blood cells have no nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin
Platelets are involved in blood clotting
In the blood clotting process fibrin is turned into fibrinogen
White blood cells only produce antibodies
Plasma carries carbon dioxide to the liver
Blood is made up of plasma, WBCs, RBCs and platelets
WhiteRed blood cells carry oxygen around the bodyRed blood cells have no nucleus to make more space for haemoglobin
Platelets are involved in blood clotting
In the blood clotting process fibrinogen is turned into fibrin
White blood cells
onlyproduce antibodies, antitoxins and engulf pathogensPlasma carries carbon dioxide to the liver
Task 2e: Complete the exam questions - mark your answers once you are done.
Task 3: Blood Vessels
Task 3b: Make notes that:
Name the 3 types of blood vessels
State the function of each vessel
Describe the adaptations of each blood vessel to complete its function
Describe and explain the differences between the blood in veins and the blood in arteries
Task 3c: Complete the exam question - mark your work once complete
Task 4: The heart
Task 4b: Make notes that:
Label the key parts of the heart on a diagram (slide 12).
Describe the route that blood takes through the heart
Explain why the left side of the heart has thicker muscle than the right side
Explain why the valves are important
Task 4c: complete the quiz
Task 5: Helping the heart
In the video above it shows the carotid artery - the process is similar for the coronary artery (the one that supplies the heart)
Task 5c: complete the exam questions - check your work using the markscheme
Task 6: Breathing and gas exchange
Task 6c: Draw a diagram (like the one on slide 11) that:
Shows the key structures
Describes the functions of these structures
Task 6d: make notes that:
Explain how the lungs are adapted to maximise gas exchange.
Describe how inhalation and exhalation happen.
Quick check before you go on:
Explain the difference between breathing and respiration. (Click the arrow on the right to check your answer)
Breathing is the physical movement of gases in an out of the lungs. Respiration is a chemical reaction that occurs in mitochondria that provides energy for the cell.
Task 7: Tissues and organs in plants
Task 7c: Make notes that:
Draw a simple diagram of a plant
Label the main organs and state their functions
List the tissues in a leaf, state their functions and main adaptations - include a diagram
State the function and adaptations of the phloem and xylem
Task 7d: Complete and then mark the exam questions
Extension task: Make a pull cube of the structure of a leaf using these instructions
Task 8: Transport systems in plants
Task 8b: Make notes that:
List 3 substances plants need to transport.
Explain the reason these substances are required and where they need to move from and to.
Define transpiration.
Name the plant organs involved and describe their adaptations
Task 8c: Complete and then self mark the exam questions
Task 8d: Complete progress quiz 2
Task 9: Evaporation and transpiration
Task 9b: Make note that:
Define transpiration.
Names the gasses exchanged between leaves and the atmosphere and explains the direction they diffuse.
Explain how osmosis causes guard cells to open and close stomata and why this is important.
Explain the adaptations that allow plants to survive in the desert.
Task 9c: Check your understanding by completing this exam question use the markscheme to check your answer.
Task 10: Factors affecting transpiration
Task 10b: Make notes that:
List the factors affecting transpiration
Explain how these factors affect transpiration.
Contain a diagram of a bubble potometer and explain how it works
Contain a diagram of a mass potometer and explain how it works
Task 10c: Complete the exam questions and the self mark
Task 11: Summary
Task 11a: Watch the videos
Task 11b: Complete the seneca learning (Topic 2: Organisation) for your set.
Task 10c: Make a mind map or single page revision summary of this topic and add it to your revision folder
Task 12: Check
Extend
Extension Task: Apply your new knowledge to some past paper questions:
Example exam questions: Foundation Higher