Critical Media Literacies in an Inclusive High School Classroom
Critical Media Literacies in an Inclusive High School Classroom
The following webpage lays out a foundation of what, where, when, and why we can implement critical media literacy in an inclusive classroom for all. Scroll through to learn more about the topic, as well as finding media resources to further your understanding. Nearing the bottom of the page, find interactive resources and implementations that educators can make in the classroom.
Watch this short video by Media Literacy Now to gain a deeper understanding into Critical Media Literacy, especially within youth.
Now that we know more of media literacy, lets learn how this can be implemented in our classrooms!
Critical media literacies in classrooms are an implementation that should be concentrated on, especially with the everchanging times that we are living in. In general, it can present students with the idea that they can develop a critical understanding of how larger industries make a profit (which allows for students to analyze media pieces from a political and economic perspective). Another point that media literacy hits is a way to support non-profited medias while in the classroom. This point can be interpreted in a variety of ways, especially in an inclusive classroom setting (analyzing local websites, local authors on ebooks, etc). The last main point of interest is, as an educator, to educate the youth and their parents to become well rounded and concise media-users. An authentic and true media literacy allows for students and the whole school community to be informed in the outside world, but also to learn how to engage in conversation with their own opinion.
However, when we decide that we want to use critical media literacies in the classroom, we have to proceed with caution. There has been an uproar of a blurred concentration of conglomerates in alliance with powerful institutions. To get rid of this, it is important to look at the big picture and examine "specific cases that illustrate how these conglomerates and their allies work to keep and to expand their power, by means of filtering information, manufacturing consent, and controlling what the public watch, listen to, read, think, believe, taste, dress, look like, speak, and how they perceive themselves" (Torres/Mercado, 2010). Exposing this will allow for our students to think outside the box and creatively reinvent the future. Having the implementation of critical media literacies in the classroom will allow for students to dismiss the false information of the media.
As observed above, critical media literacies can help students, especially those in specialized classrooms. However, these literacies are rarely used to help or at all generalize students with disabilities. In a case study done by the National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE) in 2007, the study rarely mentioned 'adaptations suitable for students with disabilities' (Friesem, 2017). While these statistics are ones that make me question what is going on within schools, they are creating a realization that we should be furthering our education into understanding why and how media literacies could benefit students with disabilities.
Implicating the idea of media literacies in the classroom does a number of tasks for students, whether that be a generalized educational experience or one that is for students with disabilities. Students, through applying these media literacies, can learn "alternative ways to analyze, reflect, and communicate their interpretations of media representations' ' (Friesem, 2017). Simultaneous to the learned applications that this can resolve in, case studies that have been done in regards to media literacy also reflect the benefits of media production within students with special necessity. It allows for those students to express themselves creatively and showcase what they view their beliefs as, to their own interpretation.
While these media literacies have an effect on all special education students, it has a deeper impact on the black community within special education. Harts (1997) conducted an experiment on how black male special education students respond to media literacy/video production in the classroom, and it was found that they benefited from this. It was further found that their technical skills and motivation grew, while their media competency had no change. This is crucial to understand because it reflects that students are building different skills that, without media literacies, wouldn't be present.
In an inclusive classroom, you can use the following to address these issues...
Teaching students how to critically read and create media of their own to promote their visions (Kelner, 2002)
Addressing the historical roots of media literacy (Friesem, 2017)
TEACHING MEDIA LITERACY IS A FORM OF ACTIVISM. FOR ALL.
In regards to the social and emotion juxtaposition, we can come to the understanding that the National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE) and Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL) can be applied to the Individualized Education Plan (IEP). These interventions are encompassed and intended to impact students on the autism spectrum and emotional/behavioral disorders. Hidden messages embedded in media literacies can serve as a middle ground for students in their IEP because it can aide students in the understanding of the point of view of others, all while helping students develop empathy, something that many students on the spectrum do lack (Probst, 2019).
Fundamental principles are implemented from media literacies that aide as an intervention for students.
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The primary CASEL competency that is supported is that of self-awareness.
By using self-awareness in this sense, we can ask some critical questions such as…
"What does this media make me think of?"
"What is my interpretation and why is it important?"(Probst, 2019)
These questions raise an important component, especially to one's IEP. By obtaining the answer to these questions, we can determine how the child with the IEP views themselves, in terms of media literacy and beyond.
Other aspects and competencies can come from media, such as social awareness, relationship building skills, and responsible decision making (Probst, 2019).
These topics raise questions such as…
“What would someone learn from this?" (Probst, 2019)
"What is this resource telling me?" (Probst, 2019)
"How could I participate efficiently and productively?" (Probst, 2019).
By having these questions promoted through media literacy, it creates an amazing intervention for students that wouldn't typically be there previously.
Media Literacy is something that I believe should be taught in all classrooms, regardless if that means that it is a generalized education class, an inclusive one, or strictly special education.
A variety of topics that are seen to be fairly 'complex' for special education students, such as large concepts (e.j.: the presidential election), can be implemented through media literacy. In the article, Teaching the Presidential Elections Using Media Literacy in the LD Classroom by Jaclyn Siegel, she goes in depth in explaining how this implementation could be made. "Teacher-created curriculum materials and activities are provided that support students' ability to analyze media coverage in the context of a special education history classroom" (Siegel, 2017). Having teachers create different course paths for students to follow in regards to media literacy will aid students in their understanding.
We can also create an implantation of media literacy with different literary devices for students. Ted Kesler and others have found, in their work of A Critical Media Literacy Study of Popular Culture Websites with Eighth-Grade Special Education Students, that students can engage their critical thinking skills with media sites. "Students then created alternative media productions using Glogster. We analyzed each student's glog using the grammar of visual design. Analysis revealed students' critical media literacy understandings" (Kesler, 2014). Finding an even ground within media to broaden a student's critical media literacy understandings is something that all educators should be considering, and this could be one of the beginning marks of it.
The BrainPOP webpage below demonstrates lesson plans, videos, quizzes, games, and so much more that teachers can utilize to teach about media literacy, regardless if they are in a general education or special education classroom.
Video Resources:
Watch THIS video to learn 5 components of media literacy!
Why education should we be implementing critical media in schools? Find out here!
What Critical Media Literacy in the classroom could genuinely look like!
Why is Media Literacy important? Click above to find out more in depth!
About me!
My name is Stefan Stojanoski and I am a freshman English Secondary/Special Education major at The College of New Jersey. Education has been a passion of mine for as long as I could remember. Specifically, I have always had a piqued interest in English education and focusing on special education. When I was in high school, a lot of my educators went from their basic lessons to including media literacy devices, allowing for us to expand and push our knowledge. However, I didn't see this taking place in our inclusive classrooms. As a future educator, I want to implement a more literate media source for inclusive classes and have students of all learning capabilites on the same playing field.
Works Cited
Friesem, Y. (2017). Beyond Accessibility: How Media Literacy Education Addresses Issues of Disabilities. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2019-09-02-01
MYRIAM TORRES & MARÍA MERCADO (2006) The Need for Critical Media Literacy In Teacher Education Core Curricula, Educational Studies, 39:3, 260-282, DOI: 10.1207/s15326993es3903_5
Probst, Donnell. (2017). Social Media Literacy as an IEP Intervention for Social and Emotional Learning. Journal of Media Literacy Education. 9. 45-57. 10.23860/JMLE-2019-09-02-04.
Share, J. (2009). Media Literacy is Elementary. Peter Lang.
Siegel, J. (2017). Teaching the Presidential Elections Using Media Literacy in the LD Classroom.
Ted Kesler, Pablo P. L. Tinio & Brian T. Nolan (2016) What's Our Position? A Critical Media Literacy Study of Popular Culture Websites With Eighth-Grade Special Education Students, Reading & Writing Quarterly, 32:1, 1-26, DOI: 10.1080/10573569.2013.857976