I am a physics and secondary education major here at The College of New Jersey. Much of my independent research within the Physics Department thus far has been focused on the inequalities in Physics Education, specifically among minority groups and women.
Gabriel Orebi Gann, an assistant professor at UC Berkeley, discusses the relatively high percentage of female physics students being 20% although that number is still staggeringly low.
UC Berkeley graduate student Katayun Kamdin details her experiences as a woman in physics and how 75% of the women in her program dropped out before graduation. She goes on to talk about the boys club that is the field of physics.
First-year undergraduate Emily Duffield talks about the benefits of a conference for women in physics to build camaraderie and an overall community.
From three different perspectives, "Urging Women in Physics to Stay in Physics" details the struggles women in physics face in this male-dominated field. The experiences of each woman are very different, with Emily Duffield talking about the welcoming environment that was her experience with the men in her year while Katayun Kamdin discussed the boys club that caused so many to drop out of the program prior to graduation. However, all participants discussed how beneficial the conference for women in physics was at the University of Berkley California. The Society of Women in the Physical Sciences assisted in organizing the 2014 West Coast Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics that had at the time only taken place 4 other times. Creating a community for these women to be a part of and to share their common experiences made these women feel less alone and seen. For three days, students went to talks, panel discussions, lab tours, and a career fair to allow them to see what a life in this male-dominated field could be despite the stigma. By providing a space for these women to meet and converse, their outlooks on the field can completely alter and cause retention rates to increase.
I think it is important to continue this practice of encouraging women in the field of physics even in a classroom setting. I was lucky enough to see a similar attempt made in the classroom I went to practicum for this semester. The teacher tried to make lab groups entirely of female-identifying students every other lab they did to allow girls the space to bounce ideas off one another and to help them have a voice, unlike the other groups they were in where they would be shut down. I think as a future teacher, I would love to be the advisor of a club for girls in STEM to provide a space where girls can experiment, work on projects, and figure out who they want to be without the pressures or influence of stereotypes or archaic beliefs about what a girl can and cannot do. Additionally, within the class I think it is important to create those lab groups or work groups where girls can work with one another to generate ideas and work through concepts in physics. All too often the girl is the scribe in any group or the observer while she could very well be the leader or experimenter.
10 Simple Rules
for Building an
Antiracist Lab
"Ten Simple Rules for Building an Antiracist Lab" stems from the challenges Black scientists face every day in natural space while conducting their scientific fieldwork or simply working in academia. Additionally, minority groups are seriously underrepresented in STEM, leaving these 10 rules as a way to encourage minority groups to stay in the field as well as actively work against the racism that presently exists. The ten steps are listed above starting with "keadlead informed discussions about antiracism in your lab regularly". As this one rule shows, as well as many others on the list, in order to combat racism, we can not just sneak in comments of justice and what we should be doing between two labs. The conversation must be focused and deliberate on the injustices BIPOC faces. The steps end withholding the powerful accountable and don't expect gratitude. Both of these instructions are quite powerful in different ways. Holding the powerful accountable is hard, especially when it could be someone who has a say over your grades and achievements in the academic world, however, it is because of our unwillingness to do so that this narrative continues. Additionally, expecting gratitude is quite common and people who do so are often referred to as white saviors (when white people do things or put on a show of being antiracist to receive gratitude). Every step in this guide is important and truly needed in lab spaces across all areas of STEM but especially in physics.
When it comes to incorporating these rules into the classroom, parents often like to say that their children are too young for these conversations or that they are inappropriate for the subject matter. However, it is in these exact situations and scenarios that antiracism is most important. In my physics classroom, it is important to me that all of these rules be enforced and I would even start the year off by introducing them as well as the instances in which BIPOC have been discriminated against in STEM and the achievements they have rarely received credit for. In college, I have been lucky enough to be a part of a mentoring program that supports students from minority groups and allows upperclassmen and freshmen to assist one another in building a community. I think it would be beneficial to take field trips or pair students from AP classes as seniors with students in introductory-level as freshmen to assist academically and socially. I believe that if the rules of lab are enforced frequently, the antiracist lab will turn into an antiracist way of learning that will reflect across their various classrooms.
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Activism
is at the
Core of Physics
When you work and study in a field that carries so much power, it is important to have a solid head on your shoulders. In the field of physics as well as many other sciences, scientists have had the opportunity to enact global change when it came to developing instruments of war in the 1960s. Instead of standing by and using what they learned to harm, many scientists founded activist groups including Science for People to combat the deadly use of scientific research. In the 60s, graduate physics students joined the Student Afro-American Society and assisted in obtaining nitrogen dewars to aid in their protest. In modern times, students across America protested in the 2020 George Floyd protests for black lives matter, often putting their assignments on hold in the name of what matters most. With access to databases, a whole world of information, and other resources, scientists certainly have a role in activism.
I think the most important thing I ever did in high school was protest, walk out, and partake in the political world around me. As an educator, I want to create an environment that encourages these actions and I believe students should be rewarded for pursuing interests and passions outside of the subject I would teach them. I believe that there should be assignments outside of the physics curriculum, maybe on weekends or special weeks, where the objective is to go out there and fight for what you believe in any way you would like to do. I also want to be a part of these protests and political events as an educator, to lead by example, and to show that you should stand for what you believe is right. I think that students even at the high school level look up to their teachers and will look to them to see if they are in support of students' actions.
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In "Scientists as Engaged Citizens", the article discussed how students across disciplines took a shared class that covered science and social issues. Combined, students were able to see the connection between their fields of study and how it affects the world around them. Specifically, students realized how they themselves can have an impact and positive influence on the environment they work and study in and educate themselves on the struggles those in minority groups face in the field. Not only do students in this class discuss the content of their major, but they discuss the real practical ways to serve humankind. Additionally, this class includes students from all different areas of science, allowing students to discuss how their subject matter relates to others and what they can collectively do to improve the world around them.
In my future classroom, I think it will be important to demonstrate the real applications of the work that we do. The entire purpose of education as we have stated previously stated is to prepare students for the world they will and are facing. When teaching core subjects like math, science, history, English, and others it is important to keep applications in mind and connect to the current world. I think for every unit I will teach when I become an educator, I will incorporate one application in everyday life and one application that can better the world around them. For example, when teaching electromagnetism and electric and magnetic fields, many real-world applications take place in the medical field and these discoveries can help those with disabilities. Problem sets that students work on for homework or in class work should include questions in these areas, showing students that what they are learning about can help so many people in different ways.
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The Elephant in the (Physics Class) Room:
Discussing Gender Inequality in Our Class
In this article, the teacher discussed how as a male physics teacher he can understand that there are differences in the experience of girls in the class from boys in the class. Simultaneously, he knows that he can never relate to or know the extent of the problems females face in this field. As a result, in order to understand his students better, he sent out a survey to see the opinions of his students when it came to whether they believed their gender affected different aspects of the classroom. The validity of this survey was only further proven when students unanimously agreed that their gender didn't affect the way their teacher was grading them because the exams had all been given codes and graded without a name on them. With this information, the teacher moved forward trying to call out microaggressions in class when he had observed them and also tried to answer their questions. The boys asked thought provoking questions regarding what microaggressions were and if they were a part of the problem. Overall, the entire survey started a necessary discussion on stereotypes and microaggressions that were already occurring.
I am already well aware that I am hyper-sensitive to the microaggressions in the physics classroom. When I was in my first practicum, I noticed almost immediately that girls were always given the scribe job while the boys took the job of leader or builder. When I asked the teacher if they had noticed it, it was obvious he had not and he addressed it by saying he really could not intervene. As a teacher, I think it is important to allow students the freedom to choose groups or pick projects, but there are also certain points where teachers are necessary to step in and change the narrative. Sending out a survey to students is a very thought-provoking way of gauging where students are in their work, how they feel they are being treated, and what I as a teacher can do to help them. Children are not always comfortable approaching a teacher to tell them what is going on in class, but through a survey once a quarter students may be more open to sharing their experiences.
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