This article builds on previous studies to determine the basis of environmental injustice and inequity. Moreover, this article uses the historical background of segregation and racism within the United States as the framework for their argumentation. The authors place heavy emphasis on the mechanisms that result in environmental inequity. One such term presented by the article is gerrymandering, a term used to describe the skewing of voting districts to favor a certain political party. Through this the article uses political terminology to question the governmental role in environmental inequality. The article also searches for the link between race and exposure to pollution as a way of showing the maintenance of inequality. The method the article adopts is one of data collection through the census to analyze the relative separation of black and white populations regarding exposure to harmful chemicals.

While it is important to acknowledge environmental injustice it is equally important to understand the racial and class disparity as it relates to environmental injustice. The article explains the "gerrymandering" of areas affected by environmental issues to primarily impact lower class and minority communities. This is an effective tool in a social studies classroom as the article denotes many historical acts that attempt to promote equality, but fall short. In understanding this through historical analysis this article explains the causation and contextualization of environmental injustice and racism. Therefore, in using aspects or even the whole article in a classroom it would allow students to understand the history of environmental racism as well as the data collection process, which would be a good tool in a political science classroom. I would use this article as a discussion starter that would peak the interest of my students and then go in depth about the historical context of environmental racism. Also, if I taught a political science class I would focus on the data collection and ask my students to derive their own meaning of the graphs without reading the article as a way for them to identify social issues that the government faces and how it would be interpreted.

The article tackles modern environmental issues left behind by the Giant Mine in Yellowknife. Also,the article notes the groups affected by the pollution from the mine as it was near the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The authors write about the negative health impacts due to the arsenic in the air and water. Furthermore, the impacts of such pollution allows for some degree of historical inquiry as the history of the region must be examined to understand the causation of the pollution which the article does. Moreover the article utilizes the environmental inequity of Indigenous land as a way of addressing the historical agent of colonial dispossession that causes what the authors term slow environmental injustice that accumulates over time.

This article is useful in a social studies classroom as it could be used as a homework assignment or in class assignment. I would outline an assignment that would ask questions based on the reading, some would be to do a check to make sure students are reading. While some questions would pertain to the causation and context of the time period which ties in the curriculum. Also, I would try to have a class discussion on the article to check the students' understanding as well as open the floor to questions as the article addresses the complex issue of environmental injustice.

This article provides another historiographical study of environmental inequality and racism. The focus is on the legacy and tradition of denying Indigenous nations the proper environment. Moreover, the article focuses on the 1962 congressional act of dividing the San Juan River between Navajo Nation and New Mexico. The development of the San Juan-Chama Project (SJCP) was completed in 1973 while The Navajo Indian Irrigation project remains incomplete. The article attempts to understand the historical reasoning behind the lack of development by using many documents that are from archives, the government and secondary accounts. The article’s purpose through the synthesis and connection of many governmental and historical documents is to highlight the link between modern colonialism in the context of environmental inequity within the Navajo Nation.

  The message and purpose of this article is important, especially within a history classroom. The article could be utilized during a lesson on the Trail of Tears as a way to bring awareness to the continued inequality of Indigenous peoples. Also, the focus on the environmental aspect of inequity could provide additional context or could be a supplement to modern history. In this vein I would have students read the article and write an essay connecting environmental injustice of Indigenous people to the past injustice and how the two are connected. Overall, the article is a valuable read that at the very least should be accessible to students who are interested.

This article follows an undergraduate student collective that was tasked with creating a digital research lab. Through following the students process it allows the reader to understand the data collection process as well as making their own data collection. The students involved were  Chicana/o  first generation students with no prior research experience. This project educated the students on the Chicana/o involvement in the initial 1960’s conservation movement. Thus showing how knowledge can educate about one’s identity as well as the world around them. The research itself heavily focused on reflection of prior environmental justice as they sought to identify the emergence of the movement and its narration.

This article is beneficial as it shows a possible call to action for students. Also, this could be inspiration for a project as they could find a historical example of environmental inequality and make a website about the chosen example. This applies to history as it appeals to students' interest while providing another way of learning. Furthermore, the application of the project detailed by the article on a smaller scale would help students create their own understanding of environmental injustice and justice. This is valuable as social studies bring the past to the present and connect the past with current events, thus building critical thinking skills.

The article examines the link of gender, class and race within the field of environmental history. Through analyzing this connection it allows historians to track pollution and what population is primarily affected. The article applies this thought process to industrialization in Pittsburgh from 1868 to 1914. The author in narrowing their scope of their historical analysis provide greater detail of the pervasiveness of environmental effects based individuals social categories.

This article could be very useful in a social studies classroom. The article can be applied to discussion about industrialization in the United States as a way of understanding the environmental impacts of this movement. I would make this a reading homework and have students write a two page response paper. This would allow students to thoroughly read as well as understand the social influences of industrialization. Also, serve as a lens to analyze the modern day United states as we very much are dealing with the consequences of industrialization.