8 - Subordinating, Exclaiming, Numbering

8) Subordinating

1) Interrogative and subordinating words (Relative pronouns & Conjunctions)

GENERAL TABLE

Se di de bar we staj opren tis du hore mornu ?

Note WEJ is directly followed by the possessed noun which never has an article

WA, WEN, WEJ, WO, WAN can be used with prepositions

2) Other conjunctions and other link words

- Time

- Opposition

- Cause

PAR (because) WIM (as) ƷATE (since)

- Purpose

PO (+ infinitive) POTE (so that, in order that + subordinating clause)

Lu stajì be dom par je avì sneven

- Consequence

SIM (so, thus) IDSÌM (therefore) KOSLOGIM (consequently) SIM TE (so that).

- Condition

IS (if) OƷE IS (even if) WIM IS (as if) USIM IS (unless, except if)

OS LONGIM TE (as long as) IN KAZ (in case)

Indirect interrogative clauses : …KA, …KO, …KIM

3) Coordinating conjunctions

BA (but) ID (and) IDSIM (thus, therefore) O (or) PAR (because (of)

Jana s'ne solem u bun santora, ba os u priklasi gitarista

- Alternatives

O… O… (either…or) NÈ… NÈ… (neither…nor) IS… O… (whether… or)

- The conjunction TE = that

SUMMARY TABLE OF CONJUNCTIONS

Exclaiming

a) KA + noun or adjective

b) KIM + affirmative sentence

c) Other exclamatory forms

- SA… SUL…

Vu kopì sa lovi kape !

- Interro-negative form

Numbering

A) Cardinal numbers

B) Approximation

C) Ordinal numbers

You add i (or j after a vowel) to cardinal numbers

D) Dates

Ordinal numbers are used in the following cases

Note: 1983 is read : 19-83 (desnèv-ocdes-tri)

E) Fractions, decimals, percentages

- Fractions : -t is added to cardinal numbers

Exception : un mij = a half

- Decimals : koma (comma) = point

- Percentages : posunte

F) The time

the figure alone is used to indicate the hour and ID (and) = past or MIN (less) = to, for the minutes

hor, hore can be used when there are no minutes

Ex: Ka hor se je ? What time is it ? Je s’un (hor) It's one o'clock

Je s'tri hore mornu in Bazel