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Week 3, Tuesday
Dear Families,
Today we finished up Chapter 2 and practiced using the list of names to identify whether a syllogism is valid. We also completed a "practical application" in class today, using figure and mood to determine the validity of some common arguments put forward regarding our late Pope, Francis. On Friday we will be having a quiz on Chapter 1 and 2. Students should remember the following concepts from today's class:
The vowels in the names of the syllogism give the mood and the line number gives you the figure of the syllogism.
Once you know the names it is much easier to see whether a syllogism is valid. Simply:
1) Identify the Figure---Second figure
2) Determine the Mood----EA
3) See if that Mood is included in the list of names for that figure.----Cesare
If it is in the mnemonic verse then it is valid, if not then invalid.
There are 19 valid syllogisms but some of them are more common than others. The more commonly used syllogisms are: 1) Barbara--1st figure, 2) Celarent--1st figure, 3) Cesare--2nd figure. 4) Camestres--2nd figure and 5) Camenes--4th figure.
Note all of the commonly used syllogism have a universal conclusion. The conclusion is either an A or an E statement.
Homework is to read Chapter 3, to complete Chapter 2 exercises 18-22, 26-34, and to study for the quiz.
God Bless,
Miss Russell
Week 2, Friday
Dear Families,
Friday, we covered much of Chapter 2. Below are the concepts the students are responsible for.
Mood is the disposition of the premises according to quality and quantity. So basically the mood of a syllogism is determined by which of the 4 categorical propositions its two premises use--A, E, I, or O. For example the mood of the following syllogism is AA. Both the major and minor premises are A statements.
All men are mortal
Socrates is a man
Therefore Socrates is mortal
There are 16 possible moods but 5 of them are entirely invalid because they break rules 5 and 4. Each of these moods can be used in the 4 different figures of logic making for a total of 64 possible syllogisms. Only 19 of these syllogisms, however, are valid as certain moods and figures do not work together. For example the second figure needs to have an affirmative and a negative premise in order to be valid and therefore the AA mood cannot be used in the second figure.
The 19 valid syllogisms have been named in a mnemonic device so that it is easy to identify what figures and moods together make a valid syllogism. Each of the lines in the following name device is for a different figure and the vowels in the names identify what the mood of the syllogism is.
Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio-que prioris; ---1st figure
Cesare, Camestres, Festino, Baroco secundae; ---2nd figure
Tertia; Darapti, Disamis, Datisi, Felapton, Bocardo, Ferison habet; ---3rd figure
quarta in super addit; Bramantip, Camenes, Dimaris, Fesapo, Fresison ---4th figure
Note because we identify the mood of a syllogism by EI or EA it is important that the major premise is always the first premise of the syllogism, as the first letter of the mood stands for the major premise.
Homework for next class is to reread Chapter 2, to memorize the above list of names and to do Chap. 2 exercises 3-10 and 13-17.
God Bless,
Miss Russell
Week 2, Tuesday
Nota Bene: To prepare for quizzes/the midterm, it would be very helpful to make flashcards of these concepts.
Dear Families,
Today, we went through Chapter 1 of Logic II. Below are the concepts for which the students are responsible:
Figure--The disposition or location of the terms in the premises. In other words the placement of the terms, particularly the middle term, determine a syllogisms figure. Figure helps us to determine the validity of an argument more easily.
First Figure-- Sub-Prae or Subjectum-Praedactum. The middle term is the subject of the major premise and the predicate of the minor premise. This is the most common and straightforward of the four figures.
All Men are Mortal
Socrates is a Man
Therefore, Socrates is Mortal
Second Figure--Prae-Prae. The middle term is the predicate of both the major and minor premises. In order for this figure to be valid one of the premises must be affirmative and the other negative otherwise you end up with the fallacy of the undistributed middle.
All bananas are yellow
No dogs are yellow
Therefore No dogs are bananas
Third Figure--Sub-Sub. The middle term is the subject of both the major and minor premises. In a valid syllogism of this figure the conclusion will always be particular.
All dogs are cats
All dogs are happy
Therefore some happy things are cats
Fourth Figure-- Prae-Sub. The middle term is the predicate of the major premise and the subject of the minor premise. This figure was considered by Aristotle to be a variation of the first figure (Indirect First) as he believed it is logically the same, that it only differs grammatically.
Socrates is a man
All men are mortal
Therefore some mortals are Socrates... or some mortal is Socrates
Homework for Friday is to read Chapter 2 and to do Chap. 1 exercises: 2,3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 29.
God Bless,
Miss Russell
Week 1, Friday
Dear Families,
On Friday, we continued our quizbowl in a tightly fought game! Homework for next class is to read Chapter 1 of Formal Logic II and to be ready for the review quiz.
God Bless,
Miss Russell
P.S. The most important things to know for the quiz are being able to identify fallacies within syllogisms, important definitions such as the ones of the 3 Acts of the Mind, and knowing the charts for the square of Opposition and Distribution.
Week 1, Tuesday
Dear Families,
It is wonderful to be back in class with your delightful students! I am looking forward to an exciting year with them!
This week we are reviewing Logic I before we move into Logic II. Today we had a quiz-bowl that covered the 1st half of the book. We will continue Friday with the second half.
I must say, I was surprised and very impressed by how much the students remember from last year!
Homework for Friday is to read Chapters 11-13 of Book 1.
God Bless,
Miss Russell
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