Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 General Instructional Objectives (GIOs)
Chapter 4 Introduction
1. Define aqueous solution.
2. Explain the importance of understanding the chemistry of aqueous solutions.
Section 4.1. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
1. Define solution and distinguish between solute and solvent.
2. Explain the difference (and provide examples of) between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.
3. Explain why pure water does not conduct electricity.
4. Diagram and explicitly explain how/why a compound dissolves or does not dissolve in water. Use sodium chloride and methanol as an example!
5. Explain the difference between strong and weak electrolytes.
6. Define equilibrium and explain the significance of the "reversible" sign in a chemical equation.
7. Be able to relate relative numbers of anions and cations to chemical formulas. Sample Exercise 4.1.
Section 4.2. Precipitation Reactions
1. Define precipitate and solubility.
2. Diagram and identify precipitate reactions.
3. Use (not memorize) the solubility rules to determine the products of a metathesis reaction. Sample Exercise 4.2-4.3
4. Be able to write molecular, ionic and net ionic equations. Sample Exercise 4.4
5. Be able to identify spectator ions in ionic equations.
Section 4.3. Acids, Bases and Neutralization
1. Define acid.
2. Determine if an acid is monoprotic or diprotic.
3. Define base.
4. Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases.
5. Be able to identify strong, weak and nonelectrolytes. Sample Exercises 4.5 to 4.6
6. Define neutralization reaction and be able to write a chemical equation for neutralization reactions. Sample Exercise 4.7
7. Be able to determine if a gas is formed during a neutralization reaction.
Section 4.4. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
1. Define oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.
2. Explain what occurs in a redox reaction and identify which substance is reduced, which is oxidized and what that means.
3. Be able to use (not memorize) the redox rules to determine the oxidation number (state) for a substance. Sample exercise 4.8.
4. Be able to write chemical equations for displacement reactions.
5. Be able to write equations for redox reactions. Sample exercise 4.9.
6. Use the activity series to determine which element is more or less reactive.
7. Be able to identify (recognize) a chemical reaction i.e. determine which "type" has occurred.
8. Be able to determine if a redox reaction will occur. Sample Exercise 4.10
Section 4.5. Concentrations of Solutions
1. Define concentration.
2. Define and calculate molarity. Sample exercise 4.11
3. Be able to calculate molarity, moles and volume. Sample exercise 4.13
Lab 4: Mass of Copper consumed in a chemical reaction based on the concentration of silver nitrate.
Determine the concentration of Cu2+ ions by analyzing a graph of absorbance versus concentration.
Calculate the amount of copper consumed and silver deposited in the reaction using stoichiometry.
Lab 5: Electrolyte Concentration in Sports Drinks
Determine the concentration of electrolytes in various sports drinks using data provided.
Lab 6: Acidity of Beverages
Calculate the quantity of base required to neutralize a citric beverage (juice).
Chapter 4 Practice Quizzes
Questions: Varies
Attempts: Unlimited
Time limit: None
Score: Not graded
Purpose: Determine how well you understand the material from chapter 4 sections.
Homework Set 4
Page 154: 4.1, 4.2
Page 155: 4.5, 4.7, 4.15, 4.17
Page 156: 4.21, 4.23, 4.25, 4.29, 4.33, 4.37, 4.39
Page 157: 4.45, 4.47, 4.51, 4.61
Chapter 4 Self Quiz
Click HERE to complete the Chapter 4 self-quiz.
Questions: 15
Attempts: 3
Time limit: 20 minutes
Score: Not graded
Purpose: Determine how well you understand the material from chapter 4.
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