CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
Disciplinary Core Idea
Chemical processes, their rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of molecules and the rearrangements of atoms into new molecules, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of molecules that are matched by changes in kinetic energy.
Essential Question:
How do chemical reactions impact you?
Learning Expectations:
Students use evidence to develop a model in which they identify and describe the relevant components, including: the chemical reaction, the system, and the surroundings under study, The bonds that are broken during the course of the reaction, The bonds that are formed during the course of the reaction, the energy transfer between the systems and their components or the system and surroundings and the relative potential energies of the reactants and the products.
Students construct an explanation that includes the idea that as the kinetic energy of colliding particles increases and the number of collisions increases, the reaction rate increases.
Iowa Core Correlation:
HS-PS1-5: Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.
HS-PS2-6. Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.
HS-ESS3-4. Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.
4.1. Matter can undergo chemical changes.
Objectives:
(a.) Define and model a chemical reaction, list examples of chemical changes and provide evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Links/Sources:
Section 9-1
Minds on Chemistry (MOCs)
MOC 1: Chemical Changes
4.2. Oxidation and reduction are complimentary--as an atom is oxidized, another atom is reduced.
Objectives:
(b.) Explain why metals react differently than nonmetals.
(c.) Explain and model the relationship between atomic radius, ionization energy and chemical reactivity.
(d.) Use the octet rule, reactivity series and periodic table to explain and predict the chemical reactivity of an element.
(e.) Define oxidation-reduction, explain why these reactions occur and common examples of redox reactions.
(f.) Model and explain how a chemical battery works.
4.3. Chemical reactions impact our everyday lives.
Objectives:
(g.) Determine the number of bonds and atoms in complex molecules.
(h.) Describe how the ingredients in toothpaste work to prevent tooth decay.
(i.) Explain how sunscreens block UV light and how a sunburn occurs.
(j.) Model and explain how an ester (fragrance) is produced.
(k.) Define polymer, identify a molecular model of a polymer and list properties of polymers that make them especially useful to society.
(l.) List examples of natural and synthetic polymers, list objects made of plastics and provide specific examples of the benefits and consequences of using plastics.
Links/Sources:
(Link) What are Polymers?
(Link) Nat Geo-Planet or Plastic?
(Link/Video) Piling Up
(Link/Video) Plastic Plague
Newsweek-Heartbreaking images that show the impact of plastic on animals in the oceans.
Minds on Chemistry (MOCs)
MOC 10: Complex Molecules
MOC 11: Toothpaste
MOC 12: Sunscreens
MOC 13: Esters
MOC 15: Nat Geo-Planet or Plastic?
MOC 16: Plastic Pollution / Our Addiction to Plastic (Together)
MOC 17: Chemistry Far and Wide
MOC 18: Household Chemistry
MOC 19: Oxyflurocarbons
MOC 20: ACT Prep-Carbon Monoxide
MOC 21: Jeopardy
MOC 22: Millionaire