Which ones do you need to know?
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These fallacies appeal to evidence or examples that are not relevant to the argument at hand.
These fallacies contain errors in reasoning or contain parts of an argument that fail to connect or overlap.
These fallacies occur when ambiguous words, phrases, or meanings are employed. These can be subtle but can render an argument useless.
These fallacies occur because the speaker/author leaves out necessary material in an argument or misdirects others away from missing information (I didn't lie! I just didn't tell you the whole truth!).
This fallacy occurs when an over-complicated argument is presented.
Above, logical fallacies are separated into several categories, the fallacies are defined, and examples are given. Please, understand that the examples are just that and do not necessarily indicate agreement with the specifics that they represent. To be clear, logical fallacies are used by many people/groups with agendas and are not limited to being used by one political or religious ideology. If any of the examples I've given bother you, please submit an opposing logical fallacy and, if it fulfills the merits of a quality academic example, I'll happily add it to the list of examples.
What is a logical fallacy?
"Fallacies are statements that might sound reasonable or superficially true but are actually flawed or dishonest. When readers detect them, these logical fallacies backfire by making the audience think the writer is (a) unintelligent or (b) deceptive. It is important to avoid them in your own arguments, and it is also important to be able to spot them in others' arguments so a false line of reasoning won't fool you. Think of this as intellectual kung-fu: the vital art of self-defense in debate. For extra impact, learn both the Latin terms and the English equivalents."