Foundations c. 8000 BCE to 600 CE
Early River Valley
· Mesopotamia
· Egypt
· Indus Valley civilization or Harappan civilization
· Shang or Huang He (Yellow River) valley civilization
· Mesoamerica (Olmecs)
· Andean South America (Caral)
Classical civilizations
· Mediterranean (Greece and Rome)
· Persia
· India (Maurya and Gupta)
· China (Qin and Han)
· Mesoamerica (Maya)
Nomadic
· Huns
· Germans
· Indo-European
· Bantus
· Polynesians
600 - 1450 CE
· Feudal Western European states (England, France)
· Byzantium
· Russia
· Umayyad
· 'Abbasid
· Mamlukes
· Turks – Seljuks, Sultanate of Delhi, etc
· Persians – Safavids
· Delhi Sultanate
· Mongols (Yuan, Ilkhanate, Chagatai, Golde Horde)
· Tang China
· Song China
· Ming China
· Feudal Japan
· Vietnam
· Korea
· Sudanic states – Ghana, Mali and Songhay
· Swahili Coast
· Maya
· Inca
· Nomadic
1450-1750 CE
· Portugal
· Spain
· Russia
· France
· Britain
· Ottomans
· Safavid
· Mughal India
· Ming China
· Qing China
· Tokugawa Japan
· Songhay Kongo
· Benin
· Oyo
· Dahomey
· Kongo
· Ashanti
· Songhay
· Aztec
· Inca
· European colonies in
o Caribbean
o Brazil
o South America
o Central America
o North America
o Africa
1750–1914 CE
o France
o England
o Germany
o Belgium
o Italy
o Netherlands
o Portugal
o Russia
o Egypt (under Muhammad Ali)
o Iran/Persia
o Qing China
o Meiji Japan
o Mughal then British India
o French Indochina
o Dutch East Indies
o British Malay States
o Philippines
o French West Africa
o British East Africa
o Union of South Africa and Rhodesia
o Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
o German Cameroon
o German Southwest Africa
o Mozambique
o Angola
o Gold Coast/Nigeria
o Abyssinia/Ethiopia
o Eritrea
o Italian Somaliland
o Italian Libya
o United States
o Cuba
o Haiti
o Mexico
o Peru
o Argentina
o Chile
o Brazil
1914 - present
· Germany
· Great Britain
· France
· Belgium
· Italy
· Kosovo
· Yugoslavia
· Russia/Soviet Union
· Iran
· Iraq
· Egypt
· Armenia
· China
· Japan
· Taiwan
· Afghanistan
· India
· Cambodia
· Vietnam
· Congo
· Rwanda
· Kenya
· Ghana
· South Africa
· Namibia
· Brazil
· Cuba
· Dominican Republic
· Mexico
· Guatemala
· El Salvador
· Nicaragua
· Argentina
· Peru
· Chile
· Venezuela