Chapters 18-22
Chapter 18 - Impact of the Mongol and Turkish empires on Afro-Eurasia
Interactions of Mongol and Turkish Empires on trade
- Development and shifts in an interregional trade, technology, cultural exchange - Silk routes
- Impact on nomadic tribes and their migrations (e.g. Turks, Mongols) on settled societies in Afro-Eurasia, especially those they conquered but also though plague, trade, cross-cultural communication, exchange, and integration etc.Impact on nomadic tribes (Turks, Mongols) of their contact with settled societies, especially those they conquered.
Economic/technology – of Mongol and Turkish Empires on economic institutions
Demography/environment – Central Asian demography and environment
- Environment of Central Asia and fauna – impact on nomadic tribes and their development.
- Impact of the expansion of urban commercial centers: Karakorum, Samarkand etc.
Social structures/gender structures – of Mongol and Turkish Empires on social institutions
Cultural and intellectual developments – of Mongol and Turkish Empires on culture and religions
- Missionary outreach of major religions - Contacts between major religions, e.g. Islam and Buddhism, Christianity and Islam
States function and structures – Developments in political, religious, economic and social institutions in central Asia (both Turks and Mongols) – tribes, khans, sultans, military, decline of empires
- Impact of the Mongol and Turkish empires (Seljuks, Tamerlane, Ottomans) on the political development of Afro-Eurasia. Compare the impacts on Persia, China, Russia, Europe, SW Asia, Anatolia and India. Also, how did earlier conquerors help those that came after them?
- Compare Turkish and Mongol tribes with each other and other Eurasian societies in terms of political and social structures.
- Compare the different Mongol rulers’ approaches to rule in their respective empires, including attitudes towards trade and religious tolerance.
Understand the significance of the following in Asian history: Karakorum, Mongols, Turks, Nestorian Christianity, Manichaeism, Saljuqs, Manzikert, Japan, Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Lamaist, Yuan dynasty, Samarkand, Sultanate of Delhi
Terms to understand: yurts, khan, sultan
People to know: Chinggis Khan, Temujin, Khubilai Khan, Marco Polo, Hülegü, Tamerlane, Osman, Ottoman, Ilkhan Ghazan, Chaghatai Khan
Chapter 19 – Post-Classical Africa
Interactions - Development and shifts in interregional trade - Trans-Saharan trade, Indian Ocean trade, including slave trade in each and impact of each.
- Compare the influence of trade in sub-Saharan Africa with that in other regions. Examine the cultural and technological exchanges too.
- Impact of migration of agricultural peoples (e.g., Bantu-speakers migrations) – iron, bananas, language, political structure, etc.
Economic/technology – economic structures and technology of Post-Classical Africa
Demography/environment – demography and environment of Post-Classical Africa
- Environment of Africa and its impact on its inhabitants – especially the Sahara desert.
- Impact of the expansion of urban commercial centers, e.g. Swahili city-states, Timbuktu, etc.
Social structures/gender structures – social and gender structures of Post-Classical Africa
- Gender roles in Africa – as compared to other societies; impact of Islam and Christianity on them;
- Slavery and the slave trade in Africa
- Cultural and intellectual developments – religious institutions, art and culture of post-Classical Africa
- Missionary outreach of major religions (Christian and Islamic) - contacts between major religions, and differences in the ways in which they spread and impact on traditional African beliefs.
- Compare the impact of Islam on the Sudanic and West African kingdoms and those in East Africa;
States function and structures –
- Compare and contrast the different areas of sub-Saharan Africa – east African states (Swahili), West African states (Ghana, Mali), Islamic and Non-Islamic Africa; think of reasons for the differences
- The political structures of African societies – including kingdoms (Ghana, Mali) and “stateless” societies. Compare them.
Understand the significance of the following in African history: Mali, Bantu, Kongo, Gao, Ghana, Swahili, Axum, Kilwa, Zimbabwe
Terms to understand: griots, zanj, Coptic Christianity,
People to know: Sundiata, Mansa Musa, Ibn Battuta,
Chapter 20 – Western European
Interactions
- Compare Viking/Norman exploration, expansion, & impact with Arab/Islamic retreat.
- Examine the Crusades as an example of an increased role for Europe in world events.
Economic/technology – technological developments in Europe, especially in agriculture
- Economic developments – economic growth; shifts and increased trade (Hanseatic League), impact of increased trade and economic expansion on Europe (cultural exchange)
Demography/environment - increased agricultural production leads to population increase and urbanization. Examine the role and growth of cities on social structure and the environment.
Social structures/gender structures - Compare the social structure (three estates: religious, knights, laborers) in medieval Europe, including gender roles, to that of other societies. How did increased urbanization and trade affect this system?
- Cultural and intellectual developments - philosophical and theological developments (e.g. new religious orders, Thomas Aquinas, heresies, Crusading movement), development of universities, rediscovery of ancient texts, role of Arab thought in the Western “Renaissance” in the west; impact of Crusades
States function and structures – Analyze the changes over time in Europe during this period, from isolation to integrated, from chaotic to politically organized, etc.
- Developments in political institutions in both eastern and western Europe e.g. Holy Roman Empire, papacy. Analyze the unification of monarchies like England, France, and Spain and the lack of unification in Italy or the Holy Roman Empire as well as the relationship between church and states. Origins and growth and strengths and limitations of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Compare the political and economic world of western Europe to that in other regions – China, India, Islamic states, Byzantine Empire, Africa, etc.
Understand the significance of the following in European history: Holy Roman Empire, England, France, Italy, Spain, Hanseatic League, First Crusade, Second Crusade, Third Crusade, Fourth Crusade, Granada
Terms to understand: guilds, investiture, excommunication, chivalry, reconquista,
People to know: Cathars, Urban II, William of Normandy, Leif Ericsson, Gregory VII, Henry IV, Franciscans, Hospitallers, Teutonic Knights, Templars, St. Thomas Aquinas, Saladin,
Chapter 21 – Pre-Contact Oceania and Americas
Interactions
- Impact of the nomadic migrations on the Americas and Oceania (e.g., Aztecs, Polynesians
Economic/technology – economy and technology of Americas and Oceania, compare them
Demography/environment – compare the environments of Americas and Oceania.
- Compare the growth and role of cities in the Americas – Tenochtitlan, Cuzco, Cahokia,
- Analyze the differences and similarities of the demographics of the Americas and Oceania.
- Geographic and environmental characteristics of the American and Oceanic societies – isolation, etc. How did these affect the societies there? Analyze the comparisons.
Social structures/gender structures - Analyze the reasons for similarities of societies in the same regions but at different times – Mesoamerica, Andes, etc.
- Compare the social structures of American societies to each other and other societies around the world including Oceania –gender roles, class structure, roles, slavery,
Cultural and intellectual developments -Compare the belief systems practiced and cultural patterns in the Americas and Oceania with the other ones you have studied thus far
- Analyze the changes over time in Mesoamerican civilizations – how were Aztec sacrificial practices a continuation and/or a change of/in traditional practices
States function and structures – Compare military and political patterns in the Amerindian and Oceanic worlds: Aztec, Inca vs. North American and Oceanic chiefly societies.
- Compare and contrast - Aztec Empire and Inca Empire (political, socially, religious, economically);
Understand the significance of the following in the history of the Americas: Toltecs, Mexica, Aztecs, Incas, Quetzalcóatl, Pueblo, Navajo, Iroquois, Cahokia, Chimu, Inti, Tenochtitlan
Terms to understand: chinampa system, quipu, marae,
People to know: Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Pachacuti, Motecuzoma II
Interactions - Development and shifts in interregional trade, e.g. Trans-Saharan trade, Indian Ocean trade, Silk routes, Atlantic trade routes, etc. What factors lead to increasing trade and interaction during these years and what were the results of these interactions? Examine the role and growth of cities – Melaka. How does this compare to trade in earlier periods?
- Impact of the nomadic migrations on Afro-Eurasia (e.g. Mongols, Turks, Vikings, and Arabs).
- Analyze the reasons for increased interactions among the societies of the eastern hemisphere – increased travel, trade, and communication. Examine the routes taken by technologies.
- Compare Chinese and European exploration – their motives, expansion, and results. Why were Chinese journeys stopped? Why did Portugal, and not other European nations, play such an important role in exploration?
Economic/technology – Analyze economic and technological factors in interactions around the world
Demography/environment – Identify the impact of interactions on demography and the environment.
- Causes and consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century; compare impact on Europe vs. Asia; examine the routes followed by the bubonic plague; compare the role of disease throughout different periods in history (bubonic plagues vs. smallpox epidemics).
Social structures/gender structures – Examine the impact of interactions on social and gender structures.
Cultural and intellectual developments – Analyze the impact of cultural diffusion on interactions.
- Compare Chinese and European cultural revivals – how different was humanism from other philosophies around Europe and the world at the same time?
- Missionary outreach of major religions, routes followed and their impact on global integration.
States function and structures – Compare Chinese & European political reinvigoration during this time.
Understand the significance of the following: Ming, Melaka, Ilkhanate of Persia, Bubonic plague, Hundred Years’ War, Portugal, Renaissance, Reconquista, sharia, gadi
People to know: Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo, Rabban Sauma, Hongwu, Yongle, Zheng He, Prince Henrique, Fernando of Aragon & Isabel of Castile