PE 10
Final Exam: PE Fri Jun 17th
Written Exam Covers All listed
Information Below
PE 10 Homework
Baseball/Softball
Written Test 6/8
Baseball/Softball Review Guide
While the exact origins of baseball are unknown, most historians agree that it is based on the English game of rounders. A game which began to become quite popular in this country in the early 19th century, and many sources report the growing popularity of a game called "townball", "base", or "baseball".
Throughout the early part of the 19th century, small towns formed teams, and baseball clubs were formed in larger cities. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright wanted to formalize a list of rules by which all teams could play. Much of that original code is still in place today. Although popular legend says that the game was invented by Abner Doubleday, baseball's true father was Cartwright.
The first recorded baseball contest took place a year later, in 1846. Cartwright and his Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York City lost to the New York Baseball Club in a game at the Elysian Fields, in Hoboken, New Jersey. These amateur games became more frequent and more popular. In 1857, a convention of amateur teams was called to discuss rules and other issues. Twenty five teams from the northeast sent delegates. The following year, they formed the National Association of Base Ball Players, the first organized baseball league. In its first year of operation, the league supported itself by occasionally charging fans for admission. The future looked very bright.
The early 1860s, however were a time of great turmoil in the United States. In those years of the Civil War, the number of baseball clubs dropped dramatically. But interest in baseball was carried to other parts of the country by Union soldiers, and when the war ended there were more people playing baseball than ever before. The league’s annual convention in 1868 drew delegates from over 100 clubs. As the league grew, so did the expenses of playing. Charging admission to games started to become more common, and teams often had to seek out donations or sponsors to make trips. In 1871, the National Association became the first professional baseball league.
Cooperstown N.Y. is the home of the baseball hall of fame.
Pittsfield Ma. was the location of the first written record of baseball being played.
The players’ positions in baseball with their appropriate number.
1. Pitcher
2. Catcher
3. 1st base
4. 2nd base
5. 3rd base
6. Shortstop
7. Left fielder
8. Center fielder
9. Right fielder
Softball
Softball was first introduced on Thanksgiving Day in 1887 at a Harvard-Yale football game. A man from Yale playfully threw a boxing glove at the Harvard grads after the game was done and bets were paid. A fan from Harvard hit the glove away with a broom handle. A game of indoor baseball commenced as a result. George Hancock, part of the Harvard and Yale Alumni who gathered at the Farragut Boat Club in Chicago that day to hear the score of the annual football game, made a large, soft ball by taking a boxing glove and tying it. The ball was fielded barehanded since it was soft and didn’t require gloves like those used in baseball. He did a small baseball diamond with chalk inside the boat club and the game was underway. The game lasted an hour and ended with a score of 41-40. Hancock wrote down rules and came up with a big soft ball and a bat that had a rubber tip that was good for indoors. He even painted permanent foul lines on the floor of Boat Club.
Indoor baseball became very popular in the Chicago area that winter. It was meant to be a way for baseball players to keep in practice during the winter. By 1889, a winter league was formed. When the weather became warmer, softball was taken to outdoor field (all of which were too small to be baseball fields.) The same large and soft balls that were anywhere from 10 to 20 inches in diameter that were used indoors were also used for the outdoor games. A fireman, Lewis Rober, played a very big role in developing the game. He needed something to keep his Minneapolis firemen busy while waiting for fire calls. He marked a field in a lot next to the fire station. The smaller field and softer ball used in the game of softball made meant more offense and action in the field than baseball. Rober decided to limit games to seven innings because this allowed games to be completed in an hour while being active and competitive. Contests between different firehouses began to draw as many as 3,000 spectators. By 1913, the game was officially adopted by the Minneapolis Park Board and was played in parks and on playgrounds all over the city.
In 1977, the American Professional Slow Pitch League became the first of three men’s professional softball leagues to play between 1977 and 1982.
Since 1951, the International Softball Federation has governed worldwide softball competition. The first women’ fastpitch world championships were played in 1965 in Melbourne, Australia. The first men’s world championships were played a year later in Mexico City. The US men’s team won the 1966 title. Since 1970, softball world championship tournaments have been played every four years.
In 1996, women’s softball hit its highest peak when it became an Olympic medal event. The 1996 Olympics also marked a key era in the introduction of technology in softball; the IOC funded a landmark biomechanical study on pitching during the games. The US Women’s team has won all three softball gold medals awarded in the sport. The US women’s fastpitch team’s strength reflects how popular the sport is in the United States. More than 25 million people in the United States alone now actively play the game of softball. Unfortunately during the last meeting of the International Olympic Committee, held in Singapore in July 2005, softball and baseball were voted to be dropped as Olympic sports for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games.
Terminology
An APPEAL is the act of a fielder in claiming violation of the rules by the offensive
team.
A BALK is an illegal act by the pitcher with a runner or runners on base, entitling
all runners to advance one base.
A BALL is a pitch which does not enter the strike zone in flight and is not struck at
by the batter.
A BUNT is a batted ball not swung at, but intentionally met with the bat and tapped
slowly within the infield.
A CATCH is the act of a fielder in getting secure possession in his hand or glove of
a ball in flight and firmly holding it;
A DOUBLE PLAY is a play by the defense in which two offensive players are put
out as a result of continuous action, providing there is no error between putouts.
A FAIR BALL is a batted ball that settles on fair ground between home and first
base, or between home and third base, or that is on or over fair territory when bounding to the outfield past first or third base, or that touches first, second or third base, or that first falls on fair territory on or beyond first base or third base.
FAIR TERRITORY is that part of the playing field within, and including the first
base and third base lines, from home base to the bottom of the playing field fence and
perpendicularly upwards. All foul lines are in fair territory.
FIELDER’S CHOICE is the act of a fielder who handles a fair grounder and,
instead of throwing to first base to put out the batter-runner, throws to another base in an
attempt to put out a preceding runner.
A FLY BALL is a batted ball that goes high in the air in flight.
A FORCE PLAY is a play in which a runner legally loses his right to occupy a base
by reason of the batter becoming a runner.
A FOUL BALL is a batted ball that settles on foul territory between home and first
base, or between home and third base, or that bounds past first or third base on or over foul territory, or that first falls on foul territory beyond first or third base
A FOUL TIP is a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher’s
hands and is legally caught.
An INNING is that portion of a game within which the teams alternate on offense
and defense and in which there are three putouts for each team.
INTERFERENCE
(a) Offensive interference is an act by the team at bat which interferes with,
obstructs, impedes, hinders or confuses any fielder attempting to make a play..
A LIVE BALL is a ball which is in play.
A LINE DRIVE is a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat to a fielder
without touching the ground.
An OUT is one of the three required retirements of an offensive team during its time
at bat.
A RUN (or SCORE) is the score made by an offensive player who advances from
batter to runner and touches first, second, third and home bases in that order.
A RUN-DOWN is the act of the defense in an attempt to put out a runner between
bases.
SQUEEZE PLAY is a term to designate a play when a team, with a runner on third
base, attempts to score that runner by means of a bunt.
A STRIKE is a legal pitch when so called by the umpire, which—
(a) Is struck at by the batter and is missed;
(b) Is not struck at, if any part of the ball passes through any part of the strike
zone;
(c) Is fouled by the batter when he has less than two strikes;
(d) Is bunted foul;
(e) Touches the batter as he strikes at it;
(f) Touches the batter in flight in the strike zone; or
(g) Becomes a foul tip.
The STRIKE ZONE is that area over home plate the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants, and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap.
A TAG is the action of a fielder in touching a base with his body while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove; or touching a runner with the ball, or with his hand or glove holding the ball, while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove.
A WILD PITCH is one so high, so low, or so wide of the plate that it cannot be handled with ordinary effort by the catcher.
Cite: URIBaseball Histiory and MLB, softball Performance
Softball/Baseball
Skills
Baseball/Softball Assessment Name: _______________________
Throwing
Grip
____ l. Hold the ball by the fingers and the palm.
____ 2. Grip the ball tightly with the fingers across the seams.
____ 3. Place the thumb under the ball and on the side opposite the little finger.
____ 4. Grip the ball tightly.
Throwing Release
____1. Use a forward back stride stance (one foot in front of the other with the dominant
leg back (right-handed thrower will have the right leg back).
____2. Throw from a stable base.
____3. Face the target.
____4. Arm up elbow off body6. Shift the center of gravity from back to forward.
____5. Rotate throwing side forward-and transfer the weight to the front leg.
____6. Release with a wrist snap. Follow through in the intended direction of flight.
____7. Hits Target
Catching
____1. Catch the ball above eye level on the throwing side of the body holding the glove
with fingers pointing up
____2. Place the throwing hand over the ball it goes into the glove to keep the ball in the glove.
____3. Flex the elbows to absorb the force of the caught ball.
____4. Keep the eyes focused on the ball when running after it.
____5. When the ball is falling short of the fielder extend the glove toward the oncoming
ball. Keep the glove open with the fingers pointed down.
____6. Move quickly to the ball and try to get the body positioned in front of it.
Fielding Ground Balls
Ready Position and Alignment
____1. Bend the knees and flex at the trunk so the glove and bare hand can touch the ground Keep the weight on the balls of the feet and the buttocks low to the ground.
____2. Keep the feet in a forward back stride position with the leg on the throwing side back.
____3. Bend the elbows and relax the arms and hands
____4. Keep the glove and bare hand in the open position with the bare hand ready to trap the ball into glove.
____5. Use the shuffle step to avoid crossing feet whenever possible when getting into a direct line with the path of the ball.
Transition from Fielding and Throwing
____1. Mark the transition, fielding and throwing the ball clean, smooth and fast.
____2. Know where to throw the ball before you field it.
____3. Find the target before releasing the ball.
____4. Stabilize your base of support before releasing the ball
____5. Keep your body position relaxed and flexed.
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ARCHERY
Written Test: (2 tests) Term Test Tue May 3rd
Archery Handling Written Test: Thur May 5th
Skills Exam: Tue May 10th
Terms and Equipment
Anchor Point
The reference point that a person pulls the bow string to before releasing. This point should be the same for each shot and may be the side of the mouth, ear lobe, or other reference point.
Armguard
Material attached to the forearm of the arm that holds the bow to protect it from a string burn or keeps the sleeve from catching on the string.
Arrow Shaft
The main body of the arrow before the nock, fletching, or point is installed. It can be made from several materials including wood, aluminum, carbon, and composites.
Arrow shelf
The area of the bow above the handle or grip where the arrow sits.
Back of Bow
The side farthest away from you when you hold bow in shooting position.
Bow Belly
The side closest to you when you hold the bow in shooting position.
Bow string
Several strands of material twisted together to form a strong string used to launch an arrow.
Compound bow
A bow with one or two cams that provide let-off and power.
Crest: Marks identifying the arrow.
Draw length
The distance a person draws a bow, measured from the bottom of the arrow nock to the back of a bow when in shooting position.
Draw weight
Amount of pull weight measured in pounds that it takes to pull a bow string a certain distance.
Drift: The motion of the arrow caused by wind or weather.
Field points
Points that are round (no blades) with a sharp point, usually used for practice.
Fletching
The feathers or vanes used to stabilize an arrow in flight.
Hen Feathers: Two same colored feathers on an arrow.
Index feather: That feather of an arrow set at a right angle to the nock; the odd colored feather.
Limb
The ends of the bow that bend when the string is pulled back.
Nock on arrow
Arrow part glued or snapped into the back of an arrow shaft that the bow string fits into. On early or very traditional arrows, the nock is cut into the shaft itself.
Nocking point
The spot on bow string where the arrow nock is placed to be shot.
Quiver
A piece of archery equipment that holds arrows. It may be attached to the bow, placed on a belt, or carried on your shoulder or back.
Recurve bow
A bow that has no cams or other method to lessen the amount of force to pull back the string. When strung, the string contacts the bow limbs a short distance from the limb tips.
Release
Letting go of the string to shoot an arrow.
Sight window
The area of the bow above the grip and arrow shelf where you would mount a site or as with a long bow, you see your target.
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Archery as a Sport: Olympic Competition
Archery first appeared as a sport in the 1900 Olympics Games in Paris and was held at the Games of 1904, 1908 and 1920. However, international rules had not yet been developed and each host country used its own format. As a result, archery events in these early Olympic Games varied widely. Because of the lack of uniform international rules archery was then dropped from the Olympic Games.
FITA, the international governing body of the sport, was founded in 1931 and implemented standardized rules for competition. It allowed the first World Championship to be held that same year. After countries adopted the new rules, archery returned to the 1972 Games in Munich.
Initially, only individual competition took place - the team competition was added in 1988.
There are four archery events held at the Olympics: Men's Individual, Women's Individual, Men's Team and Women's Team. Archers used to shoot a double FITA round of 288 total arrows, with the championship decided by the highest total score. In an effort to make the sport more exciting, the format was changed to head-to-head elimination for the top 64 competitors beginning with the 1992 Olympics.
Scoring
The scoring system is based on a 10-ring target.
Each section of the target is worth from one to 10 points, with 10 being the best.
Arrows on the dividing lines are given the higher score and deflections score where they land.
Arrows that bounce off the target or pass through are also counted.
The rings and the corresponding point values are as follows (from innermost to outermost):
Parts of the Bow and Arrow
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Archery Form: 9 Basic Steps
The following sequence of figures shows the basic steps of shot execution.
Although it is depicted as a sequence of separate events, you should execute these steps in one single smooth motion.
Also keep in mind that these are Basic steps, individual adjustments are possible, but these are usually given by the instructor / trainer / coach.
Basketball Unit
PE 10 Test Dates
Written: Thur 11/24 Skills: Fri 11/25
Basketball History
In early December 1891, Luther Gulick, chairman of the physical education department at the School for Christian Workers (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, instructed physical education teacher James Naismith to invent a new game to entertain the school's athletes during the winter season. With an ordinary soccer ball, Naismith assembled his class of 18 young men, appointed captains of two nine-player teams, and introduced them to the game of Basket Ball (then two words). Naismith, who had outlined 13 original rules, dispatched the school janitor to find two boxes to be fastened to the balcony railing at opposite sides of the gymnasium, where they would serve as goals. The school janitor, however, only found two half-bushel peach baskets, and the game was played with these.
The soccer ball and the peach basket soon gave way to specialized equipment. For example, in the early days the peach baskets were closed at the bottom, meaning that someone had to climb on a ladder to retrieve the ball after a made basket. The peach basket was later replaced by a metal rim with a net hanging below, and in 1906 people began opening the netting to let the ball fall through. The first basketballs were made from panels of leather stitched together with a rubber bladder inside. A cloth lining was added to the leather for support and uniformity. The molded basketball, introduced in about 1942, was a significant advancement for the sport. The molded ball, a factory-made ball that had a constant size and shape, offered better reaction and durability, making play more consistent and the development of individual skills easier. In Naismith's original 13 rules, the ball could be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but it could not be dribbled because players could not move with the ball. Beginning in 1910 a player could dribble the ball, but could not shoot after dribbling. It was not until 1916, following heated debate, that players were allowed to shoot after dribbling.
Throughout basketball's history, no part of the game has been more monitored than the act of fouling an opponent. In basketball's early days, a player's second foul would mean removal from the game until the next field goal was made. If a team committed three consecutive fouls, the opposition would be awarded a field goal. Beginning in 1894 players were given a free throw when fouled. Beginning in 1908 players who committed five fouls were disqualified from the game. Based on the severity of the foul, the rules were soon amended so that players were awarded either two shots or one shot plus a bonus shot, which was attempted only if the first shot was made. The rules also determined that an offensive player could commit a foul by playing too aggressively.
In 1892 Lithuanian-born physical education teacher Senda Berenson Abbott introduced basketball to women, at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Because it was believed that Naismith’s version of the game could be too physically demanding for women, Berenson Abbott made the following changes to the game: The court was divided into three equal sections, with players required to stay in an assigned area; players were prohibited from snatching or batting the ball from the hands of another player; and players were prohibited from holding the ball for longer than three seconds and from dribbling the ball more than three times.
Basketball's growth spread in the United States and abroad through Young Men's Christian Associations (YMCAs), the armed forces, and colleges. Due to its simple equipment requirements, indoor play, competitiveness, and easily understood rules, basketball gained popularity quickly. In May 1901 several schools, including Yale and Harvard universities and Trinity, Holy Cross, Amherst, and Williams colleges, formed the New England Intercollegiate Basketball League. The development of collegiate leagues and conferences brought organization and scheduling to competition, and formal league play created rivalries. More importantly, collegiate leagues became a critical training ground for officials.
By the early 1900s basketball was played at about 90 colleges—most of them located in the East and Midwest. In 1905 teams from the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin traveled to New York to challenge Eastern League champion Columbia University. Columbia’s “Blue and White Five” defeated both Midwestern teams, and the idea of an intercollegiate championship was born. By 1914 more than 360 colleges offered basketball, and the sport had spread heavily into the Midwestern states.
In 1915 the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States (AAU), the NCAA, and the YMCA formed a committee to standardize rules, and during the next ten years a number of regional conferences were formed. Games between top regional teams were sometimes awarded national champion status by the press, but an official championship tournament was still many years away. Travel and scheduling difficulties and continued regional rule differences slowed the organization of a tournament that could impartially produce a national champion.
The first national collegiate tournament was held in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1937. The teams in this tournament, however, were all from the Midwest. New York, with a large fan base that generated travel funds, was the site of the NIT tournament, which was the first truly national collegiate tournament. The first NIT was held at the end of the 1937-38 season.
The NIT was promoted by members of the Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association—a New York City sportswriters’ group. In 1939 a group of coaches from the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), fearing Eastern bias, organized and sponsored the first NCAA national tournament. In this tournament the University of Oregon defeated Ohio State University. The NCAA took sole control of the organization of its tournament after that first year. For the next decade, the NCAA and NIT tournaments competed to become the universally recognized national championship tournament, with the NCAA eventually winning out.
The NCAA tournament's original format, used for its first 12 years, divided the country into eight districts, each with a regional selection committee sending a team to the eight-team tournament. As the tournament gained importance, the field gradually enlarged to its present size of 64, made up of champions from a number of conferences, in addition to other successful teams.
Professional basketball began in 1896 at a YMCA in Trenton, New Jersey. A dispute between members of the YMCA team and a YMCA official led to the players forming a professional team and playing for money. In 1898 a group of New Jersey newspaper sports editors founded the National Basketball League (NBL). The NBL consisted of six franchises from Pennsylvania and
Dramatic changes in women's basketball occurred in the late 1960s. In 1966 unlimited dribbling became legal, and in 1969 the first five-player full-court game was played. The five-player form became the official game in women's basketball in 1971. Women's basketball is now played with virtually the same rules, regulations, and styles as men's basketball, although the women use a slightly smaller ball at many levels, including college. With the changes of the late 1960s, women's basketball began a period of tremendous growth, and in 1971 the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was founded, offering a national college basketball tournament for women.
The women’s game gained strength in the late 1970s after a law called Title IX was increasingly enforced, helping strengthen women's basketball programs. The law, passed as part of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, prohibited discrimination on the basis of gender in educational institutions receiving federal aid, meaning that women's athletic programs had to be treated as equal to men's programs.
Cite: history-of-basketball.com
Rules and Procedures
- There are five players on the court for each team.
- A player must only move with the ball when they are dribbling
- A field goal is worth 2 points
- A Filed goal beyond the three point line is worth 3 points
- A foul shot is worth 1 point
- When you have stopped your dribble you must keep one foot planted on the floor
- Fouls are called as violations. These range from a push, hold, trip, hack, elbow,
restrain or charge into an opponent.
- You can only dribble the ball with one hand
- The game was created by James Neismith, Springfield College
- Basketball Hall Of Fame: Located Springfield, Ma
Terminology
Blocking: A penalty where you use your body to prevent an opponent from getting towards the hoop.
Boxing out: When you position your body between the opponents and the basket to get rebounds and prevent the opponents from doing so.
Charging: Is when an offensive penalty is called due to an offensive player running into a defender who has gained a set position.
Dribble or dribbling: When you are bouncing the ball off the floor with one hand.
Double Dribble: When a player uses both hands to dribble the ball off the floor or when a player stops dribbling and then starts again.
Double team: two teammates guarding a single opponent
Fast break: A defensive rebound creates an opportunity for a player to pass quickly to a teammate who is breaking toward mid court. This player can then pass to teammates and a point can be scored before a defensive strategy is set up.
Foul: When a player breaks a rule through contact with another player
Free-throw: A player shoots a shot, which is worth one point, from the foul line, which is decided upon by the referee for a rules violation.
Jump ball: Two opposing players jump for a ball tossed by an official to gain possession
Man-to-man defense: A defensive system or scheme where each defensive player is responsible for guarding one opponent
Period: any quarter, half or overtime time period
Personal foul: contact (i.e.) a push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent) which is done to an opponent
Team fouls: A limit set by penalties, where each personal foul counts as a team foul.
Three-point shot: a shot worth 3 points because the shot came from outside the three point line.
Traveling: Is when the player with the ball takes too many steps without dribbling.
Zone defense: a defensive system or scheme where each defender is responsible for an area of the court.
Basketball Skills Assessment
DRIBBLING
_________ out of 8 points
1. Flex at the knees.
2. Keep weight on the balls of the feet in the forward stride position.
3. Bend forward at the waist to be in a crouch position.
4. Keep head up; don't look at the ball.
5. Keep wrist limp and cup hand slightly.
6. Dribble with the finger pads, not the palm
.
7. Never bounce the ball higher than the waist.
8. Use the non-dribbling arm and hand to protect yourself from defenders while
dribbling.
ONE-HAND PUSH SHOT (FOUL SHOT)
_________ out of 5 Points
1. Distribute weight evenly over the balls of the feet with the shooting-side leg and foot
slightly forward in the stance.
2. Hold the ball about level with the shooting side shoulder.
3. Place the left hand under and to the left of the ball while the right hand is behind and
slightly under the ball and right wrist is cocked.
4. Extend the body upward and push the ball upward using the legs to produce most of
the force.
5. Follow through with a gentle wrist snap in the direction of the intended flight.
LAY-UP
_______ Out of seven points.
1. Approach the basket at an angle.
2. Carry the ball with the left hand in front and under the ball.
3. Place the right hand on top and slightly behind the ball.
4. Carry the ball to shoulder and head height as the left (inside) foot pushes off the floor.
5. Lift the body with the right (outside) knee.
6. Place the ball rather than throwing it against the backboard.
7. Follow through with the palm of the right (outside) hand high in the direction of the
intended flight. Reverse hands for left handed players.
Chest Pass
__________ Out of 5 points
1. Hands gripping ball on either side.
2: Extend arms from chest fully
3. Step Toward target
4. Hands extend outward
5. Palms face away.
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Please note due to the scheduling of Ballroom Dancing and Basketball our Written and skills will be on the Ballroom Dancing first and the Basketball Unit will return after the dance unit and our assessment will be in mid to late March for basketball.
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Ballroom Dancing Unit
Dance Classes are 3/1, 3/3, 2/8
Written Assessment 3/14
Skills Assessment 3/15
Written assessment covers history and dance vocabulary
Aesthetic Criteria- Standards applied in making judgments about the artistic merit of a work.
Alignment- The relationship of the skeleton to the line of gravity and base of support.
Balance- A state of equilibrium referring to the balance of weight or the spatial arrangement of bodies. Designs may be balanced on both sides of center (symmetrical) or balanced off center (asymmetrical).
Choreography- Creation and composition of dances by arranging or inventing steps, movements, and pattern of movements.
Principles of Composition- The presence of unity, continuity (transitions), and variety (contrasts and repetition) in choreography.
Projection- A confident presentation of one’s body and energy to communicate movement and meaning clearly to an audience.
Rhythm- A structure of movement patterns in time; a movement with a regular succession of string and weak elements; the pattern produced by emphasis and duration of notes in music.
Shape- A position of the body in space, such as curved, straight, angular, twisted, symmetrical, asymmetrical, etc.
Technique- Physical skills of a dancer that enable him or her to execute the steps and movements required in different dances. Different styles or genres of dance often have specific techniques.
Tempo- The speed of music or a dance.
Time- An element of dance involving rhythm, phrasing, tempo, accent, and duration.Time can be metered, as in music, or based on body rhythms, such as breath, emotions, and heartbeat.
Transition- When a movement, phrase, or section of a dance progresses into the next.
PE 10 Dance Unit Dances and Their History
RUMBA
The word Rumba is a generic term, covering a variety of names (i.e., Son, Danzon, Guagira, Guaracha, Naningo), for a type of West Indian music or dancing. The exact meaning varies from island to island. The word "rumba" comes from the verb "rumbear" which means going to parties, dancing, and having a good time.
There are two sources of the dances: one Spanish and the other African. Although the main growth was in Cuba, there were similar dance developments which took place in other Caribbean islands and in Latin America generally.
FOXTROT
The Foxtrot originated in the summer of 1914 by Vaudeville actor Harry Fox. Born Arthur Carringford in Pomona, California, in 1882, he adopted the stage name of "Fox" after his grandfather. He joined a circus for a brief tour and he also played professional baseball for a short while.
The Fox-trot originated in the Jardin de Danse on the roof of the New York Theatre. As part of his act downstairs, Harry Fox was doing trotting steps to ragtime music, and people referred to his dance as "Fox's Trot."
In the rise to fame of the Vernon Castles, exhibition dancers of outstanding talent and charm, there was no doubt that the fox-trot was the most original and exciting of their various dances.
WALTZ
Waltz: from the old German word walzen to roll, turn, or to glide.
Waltz: a ballroom dance in 3/4 time with strong accent on the first beat and a basic pattern of step-step-close.
Waltz: There are 2 major types of Waltz dances. The Vienna type born out of the alpine region of Austria in the 19 century and the The second type is the Weller, but better known as the English Waltz born during the 16th century. Many of the familiar waltz tunes can be traced back to simple peasant yodeling melodies.
SWING
The history of swing dates back to the 1920's, where the black community, while dancing to contemporary Jazz music, discovered the Charleston and the Lindy Hop.
On March 26, 1926, the Savoy Ballroom opened its doors in New York. The Savoy was an immediate success with its block-long dance floor and a raised double bandstand. Nightly dancing attracted most of the best dancers in the New York area. Stimulated by the presence of great dancers and the best black bands, music at the Savoy was largely Swinging Jazz.
Skills Assessment Rubric
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