3.દક્ષિણ ગુજરાતની શિક્ષક પ્રશિક્ષણ સંસ્થાના પ્રશીક્ષનારથીની વ્યવસાયિક સજ્જતા એક અભ્યાસ
Dr. Prafulsinh J. Raj
Principal, college of Education, Kharod
d(xN g&jritn) (Sxk p\(SxN s>AYini p\(SxNiY)<n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a[k a¿yis
p\Ativni
Biv) nig(rki[n[ simi(jktini[ ApS< aip), B(vOyni smijJvnn[ s&r(xt an[ sm&ºnt bnivvi smij[ AYip[l) s>AYi a[T[l[ SiLi. SiLi (n(Åct h[t&ai[n) (s(¹F miT[ smij oiri AYpiy[l), smij oiri s>ci(lt, Bi(v smij t]yir krt) s>AYi C[. smij Jvnn[ (dSi aipnir), Fbkt&> riKnir), p\g(t trf di[r) jt) (SxN s>AYiai[, ti[ j sfL Ye Sk[, ji[ a[mi> s[vi aipti (Sxki[ sjj hi[y an[ ti[ j t[ SiLi kZ(t, g(t an[ p\g(t kr) Sk[ C[.
(Sxk, a¹yipk k[ p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a[kid p(rbL k[ an[k p(rbLi[n) asrni srviLimi>Y) uRpn Yt) nY). kiy<ni[ p\kir, kiy<n) p(r(AY(t, ai bF) bibti[ agRyn) C[. Äyivsi(yk sjjti pr j Äyivsi(yk s>ti[P aiFir riK[ C[. Äyivsi(yk kiy< ÄyIktn[ aiRmi(BÄyIktn) tki[ p*r) piD[ C[. kiy< uprn&> p\B&Rv t[mj sfLpN[ kiy<ni[ s>ti[P, miNsn[ Äyvsiy krvi p\[r[ C[. ÄyIktn[ pi[tini kiy<ni p\kir an[ s>ji[gi[n[ an&lx)n[ k[Tl&>k Äyivsi(yk smiyi[jn siFv&> pD[ C[. a[v) r)t[ ÄyIktn[ an&k*L a[vi k[Tlik f[rfir kiy<ni> Av$p an[ siFni[mi> krvi pD[ C[.
ÄyIktn) Äyivsi(yk sjjti an[ Äyivsi(yk s>ti[P vµc[ hkiriRmk, Fn s>b>F C[ {kip\iri, bib<rin[Ãl), bi[rgi[³n) an[ AT[ki 2003}. s>Si[Fk[ p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> a¹yipki[ an[ p\(SxNiY)<n) ÄyIktgt Äyivsi(yk sjjti, Äyivsi(yk s>ti[P t[mj smg\ kiƒl[jn) sim*(hk Äyivsi(yk s>ti[Pni[ pN a¿yis kyi[< hti[. aim a¹yipki[ an[ p\(SxNiY)<ai[n&> kiy<, SiLi, kiƒl[jn) sfLti an[ (Sxki[, a¹yipki[, p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) s&Kikir) miT[ Äyivsi(yk sjjtin) siY[ Äyivsi(yk s>ti[P mh_vni[ bn) rh[ C[.
g&jrit srkirn) an&di(nt yi[jni a>tg<t hv[Y) g&jritn) SiLimi> (Sxkn) (nmN*>k bibt[ nv) j yi[jni diKl krvimi> aiv) C[. p\iY(mk SiLimi> TET an[ mi¹y(mk an[ uµctr mi¹y(mk SiLimi> TATn) pr)xi frJyit krvimi> aiv). mi(sk $(pyi 5500 (fks v[tn an[ pi>c vP< s&F) td`n h>gim) Fi[rN[ SiLimi> kiy< krvin&>. ai yi[jni a>tg<t (Sxki[n[ nv&> nim aipvimi> aiÄy&> t[ (vwi shiyk an[ (SxN shiyk C[. ai r)t[ SiLimi> kiy< krti (SxN shiykn[ Äyvsiy p\Ry[ s>ti[P hi[y ti[ vg< (SxNn[ asrkirk bniv) Skiy t[v&> lig[ C[. ai p\kirni[ Äyivsi(yk s>ti[P Ryir[ j mL[ jyir[ Äyivsi(yk sjjtini[ (vkis Yyi[ hi[y.
(Sxki[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti an[ kiy< s>ti[P a>g[ GNi> s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> C[, pr>t& (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a>g[ n(hvt` s>Si[Fn g&jritmi> Yyi> C[.
si>p\t smijmi> an[k p\kirni j&di-j&di Äyvsiyi[ rh[li C[. aivi Äyvsiyi[ p]k) (SxN x[#i[ ti[ mi[Ti[ (S(xt minv sm&diy ri[kiy[li[ C[. a[Tl[ aipNi smijmi> ai Äyvsiy GNi[ Äyipk C[. ai Äyvsiymi> p\iY(mk, mi¹y(mk, uµctr mi¹y(mk tYi uµc (SxN s&F)ni (v(vF (vBigi[ aiv[li C[ t[ ai Äyvsiyn&> Äyipk x[#i dSi<v[ C[. ai dr[k (vBigmi> (Sxkn&> AYin GN&> j mh_vn& C[ an[ t[mi> (vS[P mh_v Bi(v (Sxki[n&> C[ j[ai[ (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jmi> (Sxk til)m le rHi C[.
ki[qir) p>c {1964-66} an&sir Birtn&> Bi(v t[ni vg<K>Di[mi> GDie rH&> C[. ai vg<K>Di[ni> (SxN kiy< siY[ (Sxkn) Äyivsi(yk sjjti an[ p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti s>kLiy[l) C[. (Sxk ti[ Birtni Biv)ni[ GDv]yi[ C[. ai Äyvsiyni dr[k tbkk[ t[mj smijmi> (Sxkn&> AYin mhRvn&> gNiy C[. (Sxkn) an[ Biv)(Sxkn) B*(mkini[ (vcir kr)a[ ti[ ji[ t[mn[ Äyivsi(yk sjjti an[ Äyvsiy p\Ry[ni[ s>ti[P vF& hi[y ti[ vg< (SxNn[ asrkirk bniv) Skiy C[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnni> s>Si[Fk[ SiLi kxia[ (Sxk tr)k[ an[ mi¹y(mk - uµctr mi¹y(mk (Sxk til)m) kiƒl[jmi> a¹yipk tr)k[ an[ aiciy< tr)k[ kiy< ky&<> C[. hilmi> b).a[D`. kiƒl[jmi> p\iciy< an[ v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T)n) (SxN(vwi SiKimi> D)n tr)k[n) frj bjiv[ C[. vPi[< s&F) ai Äyvsiymi> kiy< krti> an[k (Sxki[ an[ p\(SxNiY)<ai[ni s>pk<mi> aivvin&> bºy&> C[. a¹yipn kiy< dr(myin p\(SxNiY)<ai[ni p\Ryx s>pk<n[ l)F[ t[mnimi> rh[l) (v(SOTtiai[ an[ myi<diai[ni[ pN p(rcy pimvin&> bºy&> C[. (v(vF b).a[D`.kiƒl[ji[n) a¹yipk ps>dg) s(m(tmi> (vPy (nONi>t an[ v)s) ni[m)n) tr)k[ kiy< krvin) tki[ mL) C[. t[ni an&Bvi[n[ aiFir[ p\yi[jk[ p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti ckisvi bibt[ rs uRpn Yyi[ t[ni p(rNim[ p\At&t s>Si[Fn Frvin&> (n(m_i mÇy&> C[.
a¿yisni h[t&ai[
{1} (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[ni (vAtir {g\im, aF< Sh[r), Sh[r)} s>dB[< t[mn) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini[ s>b>F tpisvi[.
{2} (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) jit)yti s>dB[< t[mn) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini[ s>b>F tpisvi[.
{3} (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) (vnyn, vi(Njy, (vXin (vwiSiKimi> p\i¼t S]x(Nk liykitni> s>dB<mi> Äyivsi(yk sjjtini[ s>b>F tpisvi[.
{4} (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\kir {an&di(nt an[ Av-(nB<r}ni s>dB<mi> Äyivsi(yk sjjtini[ s>b>F tpisvi[.
a¿yisn) uRkÃpniai[
{1} g\im, aF< Sh[r) an[ Sh[r) (vAtirn) (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[ji[ni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h.
{2} (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni A#i) an[ p&r&P p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY< s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h.
{3} (v(Bºn (vwiSiKini, (v(Bºn liykit Frivti p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h.
{4} an&di(nt an[ Av-(nB<r (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h.
a¿yisn) x[#i-myi<diai[
1. s>Si[Fn miT[n&> Äyip(vV v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T), s&rt s>l³n an&di(nt an[ Av-(nB<r (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[ji[ p*rt&> myi<(dt riKvimi> aiÄy&> ht&>. aºy y&(nv(s<T)ai[n) b).a[D`. kiƒl[ji[ni[ smiv[S p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> krvimi> aiÄyi[ nY).
2. a¿yis miT[ g&jrit) mi¹ymn) k&l 28 b).a[D`.kiƒl[ji[ an[ 1 a>g\[J mi¹ymn) kiƒl[jni[ smiv[S krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.
a¿yisn&> mh_v
Birtmi> (Sxki[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a>g[ GNi s>Si[Fni[ Yyi> C[. b)J trf Äyvsiy p\Ry[ni s>ti[P pr asr krti> p(rbLi[ a>g[ GNi> s>Si[Fni[ Yy[li C[. Äyvsiy p\Ry[ni s>ti[P siY[ s>kLiy[li> cli[ pr g&jritmi> pN kim Yy[l&> C[. pr>t& (Sxk p(SxN kiƒl[jmi> til)m l[ti p\(SxNiY)<n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a>g[ k>e pN kiy< Yy[l&> nY) Ryir[ p\At&t s>Si[FnY) v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T), s&rt, s>l³n b).a[D`.kiƒl[ji[mi> til)m le rh[li> p\(SxNiY)<n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a>g[ jiNkir) mLS[.
p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti a>g[n) s*z p\i¼t Yiy ti[ t[mn) xmti m&jb kiy< krvi p\[rNi p*r) piD) Skiy. ai s>Si[FnY) p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti pr kyi p(rbLi[ asr kr[ C[ t[ pN jiN) SkiS[. t[niY) p\(SxNiY)<ai[n[ ai[LKvimi> shiy mLS[ an[ t[mn) myi<diai[ d*r krvi miT[ (vcir) SkiS[.
B(vOymi> p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Av-kiy< siFkti an[ kiy<-s>ti[P ke r)t[ p\i¼t kr) Skiy t[ (dSimi> pN p\yisi[ hiY Fr) SkiS[. b).a[D`.ni a¿yisk|mn) rcni vKt[, a¿yisk|mn) k[Tl)k myi<diai[ d*r Ye SkS[.
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> smi(vOT cli[ n)c[ p\miN[ C[.
prt>#icl : p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyvsi(yk sjjti
Avt>#i cl : (vAtir, jit)yti, S]x(Nk SiKi, S]x(Nk liykit, kiƒl[jni[ p\kir
upkrN
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> Av-(n(m<t (vFinivl)ni[ upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[. j[mi> p\Ym simiºy mi(ht) an[ bidmi> (v(vF GTki[ siY[ s>b>(Ft (vkÃpi[viLi (vFini[ni[ smiv[S krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.
GTk 1 : S]x(Nk mni[(vXin a>g[n) jiNkir) - k&l 26 (vFini[.
GTk 2 : Äyivsi(yk (nOqi an[ kiy<xmti - k&l 18 (vFini[.
GTk 3 : a¹yipkni p\(SxNiY)ai[ trfni vt<n-Äyvhir - k&l 16 (vFini[.
GTk 4 : S]x(Nk siFn bnivvin& an[ t[ni upyi[g krvini ki]SÃy - k&l 24 (vFini[.
GTk 5 : piqy p&Atk an[ s>dB< si(hRyni[ upyi[g an[ ki]SÃy s>b>(Ft k&l 24 (vFini[.
GTk 6 : pÜ(tSiA#in&> Xin, smj an[ upyi[g - k&l 20 (vFini[.
GTk 7 : sh a¿yis p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn an[ upyi[jn - k&l 24 (vFini[.
Äyip(vV
v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T), s&rt s>l³n k&l 33 b).a[D`.kiƒl[ji[ an[ t[mi> til)m l[ti> k&l 3080 p\(SxNiY)<ai[ ai s>Si[Fnn&> Äyip(vV C[.
nm*ni[
v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T), s&rt s>l³n k&l 28 b).a[D`. kiƒl[ji[ an[ t[mi> til)m l[ti k&l 2620 p\(SxNiY)<ai[mi>Y) 30 Tki l[K[ k&l 786 p\(SxNiY)<ai[ p\At&t s>Si[Gnni[ nm*ni[ bn[ C[. ai nm*ni[ Random Sampling Technique Y) ps>d krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.
mi(ht) p\i(¼t miT[n) p\(v(F
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> mi(ht)n&> a[k#i)krN n)c[ m&jb krvimi> aiv[l ht&> :
Äyip(vVn) mi(ht) : (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[ji[n) yid), v)r nm<d d(xN g&jrit y&(nv(s<T), s&rt s>l³n b).a[D`. kiƒl[ji[n) k[ºWAY b).a[D`. p\v[S s(mt)ni kiyi<lymi>Y) kiƒl[ji[n) yid) m[Lvvimi> aiv) ht). ai yid)mi>Y) Random Sampling Technique Y) k&l 28 b).a[D`. kiƒl[ji[ nm*ni tr)k[ ps>d krvimi> aiv) ht).
nm*nimi> ps>d Yy[l b).a[D`.kiƒl[jni> k&l 2620 p\(SxNiY)<mi>Y) 30 Tki p\miN[ 786 p\(SxNiY)<ai[n[Random Sampling Technique Y) nm*ni ps>d krvimi> aiÄyi> hti>.
mi(ht)n&> (vÅl[PN
mi(ht)ni pZYkkrN miT[ p\i¼t mi(ht)n[ n)c[ p\miN[ (vBig) krN kr) an[ t[ (vBigi[n&> sir p\i¼t p\i¼ti>ki[n) j$r) a[v) ai>kDi SiA#i)y p¹F(tY) (vÅl[PN krvimi> aiÄy&> ht&>. j[ n)c[ m&jbn&> ht&>.
1. smg\ nm*ni s>dB[< (vÅl[PN
2. (vAtir s>dB[< (vÅl[PN
3. jit)yti s>dB[< (vl[Ål[PN
4. (vwiSiKi an[ S]x(Nk liykit s>dB[< (vÅl[PN
5. kiƒl[jni p\kir s>dB[< (vÅl[PN
p\At&t s>Si[Fnmi> a[k#i)t mi(ht)ni[ t&liniRmk a¿yis krvi F - ksi[T), kie-vg< t[mj T) ksi[T)ni[ upyi[g krvimi> aiÄyi[ hti[.
p\At&t a¿yisni nm*ni p\(SxNiY)<ai[ni p\(tBivi[ prni p\i¼ti>ki[ Av$p[ a[k#i)kZt mi(ht)ni pZYkkrNn[ aiFir[ (nÀn (l(Kt p(rNimi[ p\i¼t Yyi hti. a¿yisni h[t&ai[ni an&s>Fin[ rciy[l) uRkÃpniai[ni Av)kir k[ aAv)kir Av$p[ ai p(rNimi[ rj* krvimi> aiÄyi C[.
1. g\im, aF< Sh[r) an[ Sh[r) (vAtirn) (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[ji[ni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni srisr) p\i¼tiki[n&> F - m*Ãy 2.03 ht&> j[ 0.01 an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k n ht&> aiY) a¿yisn) uRkÃpni nb>r - {1},- “g\im, aF< Sh[r) an[ Sh[r) (vAtirn) (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[ji[ni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h”. - ni[ Av)kir Yyi[ hti[.
2. (SxN p\(SxN kiƒl[jni A#i) an[ p&r&P p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni srisr) p\i¼tiki[n&> T) - m*Ãy 1.065 ht&>, j[ 0.01 an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k n ht&>. a¿yisn) uRkÃpni n>br {2} - “(SxN p\(SxN kiƒl[jni A#i) an[ p&r&P p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni s[r[riSi>ki[mi> aY< s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h”. – ni[ Av)kir Yyi[ hti[.
3. (v(Bºn (vwiSiKini, (v(Bºn liykit Frivti p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni srisr) p\i¼ti>ki[n&> F- m*Ãy 0.130 mÇy&> ht&> j[ 0.01 an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k n ht&>. aiY) a¿yisn) uRkÃpni n>br {3} – “(v(Bºn (vwiSiKini, (v(Bºn liykit Frivti p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h.” - ni[ Av)kir Yyi[ hti[.
4. an&di(nt an[ Av-(nB<r (SxN p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni srisr) p\i¼ti>ki[n&> F - m*Ãy 4.18 mÇy&> ht&> j[ 0.01an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k ht&>. aiY) a¿yisn) uRk¿pni n>br {4} – “an&di(nt an[ Av-(nB<r (SxN p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtini mipd>D prni sr[riSi>ki[mi> aY<s*ck tfivt ji[vi mLS[ n(h”. - ni[ aAv)kir Yyi[ hti[.
5. GTk n>br {1} S]x(Nk mni[(vXin a>g[n) jiNkir). GTk n>br {3} a¹yipkni p\(SxNiY)<ai[ p\Ry[ni vt<n-Äyvhiri[, GTk n>br {6} sha¿yis p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn an[ upyi[jn pr p\i¼ti>ki[n&> kie-vg< m*Ãy an&k|m[ 3.92, 4.12, 4.10, 3.86 ht&> j[ 0.01 an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k ht&>. aiY) ai GTki[mi> p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti vF& ht).
6. GTk n>br {2} Äyivsi(yk (nOqi an[ kiy<xmti GTk n>br {5} piqy p&Atk an[ s>dB< si(hRyni[ upyi[g an[ ki]SÃy, GTk n>br {7} p¹F(tSiA#in&> Xin, smj an[ upyi[g pr p\i¼t p\i¼ti>ki[n&> kie-vg< m*Ãy an&k|m[ 1.82, 0.19 an[ 1.62 ht&> j[ 0.01 an[ 0.05 kxia[ siY<k n ht&>. ai GTki[mi> p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti GN) ai[C) ht).
mi(ht)n&> (vÅl[PN
1. (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtin[ g\im, aF<Sh[r) an[ Sh[r) (vAtir siY[ siY<k s>b>F n hti[.
2. (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtin[ t[mn) jit)yti siY[ siY<k s>b>F n hti[.
3. (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtin[ t[mn) (v(Bºn (vwi SiKin), (v(Bºn S]x(Nk liykit siY[ siY<k s>b>F n hti[.
4. (Sxk p\(SxN kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjtin[ an&di(nt an[ Av(nB<r (SxN p\(SxN kiƒl[j siY[ siY<k s>b>F hti[. Av-(nB<r b).a[D`. kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti krti> g\iºT[D b).a[D`. kiƒl[jni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivis(yk sjjti U>c) ji[vi mL) ht).
5. GTk n>br {1}, {3}, {4} an[ {6}mi> p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti vF& ht).
6. GTk n>br {2}, {5} an[ {7}mi> p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti GN) ai[C) ht).
S]x(Nk f(ltiY<
1. p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti (Sxk p\(SxNn) kiƒl[jni p\i¹yipki[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti pr aiFi(rt C[.
2. Av(nB<r (SxNn) kiƒl[ji[ni p\(SxNiY)<ai[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti vFirvi kiƒl[jni a¹yipki[n) Äyivsi(yk sjjti vFirvini kiy<k|mi[ yi[jvi ji[ea[.
3. p\(SxNiY)<ai[mi> (Sxk Äyvsiy miT[ gi]rv vF[ t[ miT[ (c>tniRmk an[ p\[rNiRmk kiy<k|mi[ yi[jvi ji[ea[.
4. p\(SxNiY)<ai[ piqy p&Atk upri>t s>dB< si(hRyni upyi[gn&> ki]SÃy k[Lv[ t[ miT[n) kiy<SiLi yi[jv) ji[ea[.
5. p\(SxNiY)<ai[ sha¿yis p\vZ(_iai[n&> aiyi[jn, ÄyvAYipn an[ aml)krNn&> ki]SÃy k[Lv[ t[ miT[ (v(vF sha¿yis p\vZ(_iai[ hiY Frv) ji[ea[.
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8. (Sxk p\(SxN s>AYiai[ vµc[n&> ji[DiN vF& sGn an[ aY<p*N< bn[ t[vi p\yRni[ krvi ji[ea[.
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1. Aggarwal, J.C. (2002). Educational Research – An Introduction. New Delhi, Arya Book Depot.
2. Best J.W. (1986). Research in Education. New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
3. d[sie, a[c.J.an[ d[sie k[.J. {1997}. s>Si[Fn p¹F(tai[ an[ p\(v(Fai[. {CÎ) aivZ(t}. amdivid, y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y(nmiN< bi[D<, g&jrit rijy.
4. pir[K, b).y&. an[ (#iv[d), a[m.D). {1994}. (SxNmi> ai>kDiSiA#i, y&(nv(s<T) g\>Y(nmiN< bi[D<, g&jrit rijy, amdivid
5. uciT D).a[. {2009}. (SxN an[ simi(jk (vXini[mi> s>Si[Fnn&> p¹F(t SiA#i, rijki[T, Diƒ.D).a[.uciT,Si>t-3, Tigi[rngr.