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Intro Stats: Islamic Approach -- Part 2: Probability and Statistics -
Lecture 1: Random Samples, Concept 3: Random Draws
S3: Probabilities and Percentages
Suppose we draw one person at random from the population of Pakistan. What is the probability that he/she would belong to Sindh? A population pie chart like the one below can help us to answer this question.
The four provinces and their populations in 2014 is given in the chart. The proportion of people in Sindh are 23.5%, so the probability is 23.5%. Let SRD stand for a Simple Random Draw from some Population P. Let E be some subset of the population. The Probabilty that SRD lies inside the set E is just the proportion of the number of elements in E to the total Population. The probability that a Simple Random Draw from the population of Pakistan lies in Sindh is the proportion of the population of Sindh 31 million, to the total population of Pakistan, which is 132 = (73+31+21+7) million
LESSON: Probabilities are just PERCENTAGES, or PROPORTIONS of subsets of the total population.
AXIOM 1: All probabilities lie between 0% and 100%. This is obvious from the way probability has been defined here.
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