The first reported use of electricity in medicine was in 2750 B.C., described in Egyptian tombs, using the fish species Malopteurus electricus. Several descriptions of therapeutic benefits, including pain control from exposure to the electric eel, were described by the Greeks in the first century.
Around 1600, William Gilbert, an English physician, coined the word "electric" and established the difference between electricity and magnetism. In 1752, Johann Schaeffer published the book "Electrical Medicine." By that time, many physicians were reportedly using electricity in their practices. In 1830, Carlo Matteucci, a professor of physics at Pisa showed that electrical current was generated by injured tissues. In 1858, Dr. Francis, a Philadelphia physician, was first to describe the relief of dental pain by electricity.
After 164 successful tooth extractions using "galvanism," he received a patent on May 25, 1858. Although his device was denounced by the Pennsylvania Association of Dental Surgeons, the methods used by Francis spread throughout America and Europe. In that same year, W. G. Oliver of Buffalo claimed the discovery of "electrical anesthesia," reporting a 98 percent success rate using a vibrating generator for dental pain. Again in that same year, Harding, at the University College Hospital, London, confirmed Oliver's results with studies of 40 tooth extractions.
He also set up a control subject who had results when the current was applied but did not experience any change under the same conditions without current. By the late 1800's, the use of electricity in medicine was wide-spread and described in such medical texts as Osler's "Practice of Medicine."
At the turn of the century, the business atmosphere in the United States "...reflected laissez-faire policy at its extreme. High government officials were corrupted by the railroads, the public was swindled by flagrant stock-market manipulations, and embalmed beef was shipped to soldiers in the Spanish-American War. Advertising contributed to the immorality of business with its patent-medicine ads offering to cure all the real and imagined ailments of man.
There was a `pleasing Medicine to cure cancer,' another to cure cholera. No promise of a quick cure was too wild, no falsehood too monstrous.. A variety of electric gadgets emerged and were marketed in a similar manner to snake oils and other patent medicines by various charlatans. This problem, together with the "almost total lack of standards in medical education and practice at that time, produced a deplorable situation.
To investigate this situation, the Carnegie Foundation established a commission headed by Abraham Flexner. The commission's final report was published in 1910, and it produced an almost instantaneous revision of medical education. Electrotherapy became a scientifically insupportable technique, and it disappeared from medical practice.
Doctors using electric instruments of any sort were branded as quacks and charlatans. In the backlash of this mindset, electronic devices of diagnostic or therapeutic value have been slow to be accepted. Even now, a great deal of suspicion surrounds the use of electrodiagnosis and elec-trotherapy.
In spite of the virtual disappearance of all electrical therapy, investigation has continued into the electric nature of biological systems in health and disease states. A great deal has been discovered, and legitimate diagnostic and therapeutic devices based on these sound discoveries have emerged.
Electrotherapy
A whole branch of medicine was founded on the healing effects of certain Tesla coil frequencies. Tesla understood the therapeutic value of high-frequency vibrations. He never patented in the area but did announce his findings to the medical community, and a number of devices were patented and marketed by others.
Electrotherapy devices were sold directly to the public via ads in popular magazines and in the Sears catalogs. Self-treatment was widespread. This easy access to treatment of all sorts of conditions led to the eventual suppression of the technology by the medical establishment. Electrotherapy, however, is making a big comeback. In chiropractic and sports medicine, low-frequency AC and DC pulses are being used to kill pain and exercise muscles. High-frequency electrotherapy is coming back in alternative healing practices. There is an increasing appreciation of the electrical nature of biological functioning and that some electric vibrations in the environment are harmful while others are healing. Reprints of Lakhovsky's works are widely read. There is a growing conviction that cancer can be effectively treated with high-frequency therapies.
Patients, by focusing certain frequencies on afflicted areas, or, in some cases, just sitting in the vicinity of vibrations from a device like the Lakhovsky Multi wave Oscillator, which produced a blend of specific frequencies, were said to have experienced relief from rheumatism and other painful conditions. It was even considered a cure for certain types of paralysis. Such radiation's increase the supply of blood to the area with a warming effect (diathermy). They enhance the oxygenation and nutritive value of the blood, increase various secretions, and accelerate the elimination of waste products in the blood. All this promotes healing. Electrotherapists even spoke of broadcasting vitamins to the body. Reversals of cancer tumour growths have been documented. Lakhovsky predicated science will discover, some day, not only the nature of microbes by the radiation they produce, but also a method of killing disease within the body by radiation.
In a white Portakabin in Clamart, in the unfashionable outskirts of Paris , a tiny heart, propped atop a bit of purpose-built scaffolding, carried on beating. It was being kept alive courtesy of a small team of French scientists, who administrated the right combination of oxygen and carbon dioxide, part of the type of state-of-the-art surgical technique used for heart transplants.
In this instance there were no donor or recipient, the heart had long been divested of its owner, a prime male Hartley guinea pig, and the scientists were only interested in the organ itself and how it was about to react They applied acetylcholine and histamine, two known vasodilators, then atropine and mepyramine, both agonists to the others, and finally measured coronary flow, plus such mechanical changes as beat rate
There were no surprises here. As expected the histamine and acetylcholine produced increased blood flow in the coronary arteries, while the mepyramine and atropine inhibited it.
The only unusual aspect of the experiment was that the agents of change weren't actually pharmacological chemicals but low frequency waves of electromagnetic signals of the cells recorded using a purpose-designed transducer and a computer equipped with a sound card. It was these signals, which take form of electromagnetic radiation less than 20 kHz, which were applied to the guinea pig heart, and were responsible for speeding it up, just as the chemical themselves would.
The signal effectively could take the place of the chemicals. They were beginning to demonstrate in the laboratory what Popp had proposed: Each cell in the universe has a unique frequency.
Dr Rife and Bioresonance
Introduction
Royal Raymond Rife (1888-1971) was a brilliant scientist who developed the technology that is still used today in the fields of optics, electronics, radiochemistry, biochemistry, ballistics and aviation. He received 14 major awards and honours for his work, as well as an honorary Doctorate by the University of Heidelberg. Due to Rife's ability to pioneer new technology, by 1920, he had built the world's first virus microscope. Later he constructed the complex Universal Microscope, made up of 5,682 parts. Royal Raymond Rife became the first human to literally see a living virus. Until recently, the Rife's Universal Microscope was the only one, which was able to view live viruses.
The Universal Microscope
After many attempts using his powerful microscope, Rife finally isolated and identified what he called the human cancer virus, and named it BX (Bacillus X) virus. He then cultured the virus and injected it into lab animals, which created cancer tumors in all 400 of them. Later he was able to eliminate the cancer by using a device he created. This irradiate device emitted a frequency of electro-magnetic energy thereby causing the cancer virus to self-destruct when within that energy field. Later he used a device that involved direct contact.
On November 20, 1931, forty-four of the nation's most respected medical authorities honored Royal Rife with a banquet called "The End to All Diseases" at the Pasadena estate of Dr. Milbank Johnson.
In 1934, the University of Southern California sponsored a Special Medical Research Committee to bring 16 terminal cancer patients from Pasadena County Hospital to Rife's San Diego Laboratory and clinic for treatment. The Committee consisted of doctors and pathologists who were to examine the patients - if alive - in 90 days. After the 90 days of treatment, the Committee concluded that 14 of these patients had been completely cured. The treatment was then adjusted and the remaining 2 patients were also cured within the following 4 weeks. After 130 days, every patient in the study had recovered without any side effects.
Rife focused on refining his method of destroying viruses. He used the same principle to kill them, which made them visible - resonance. By increasing the intensity of a frequency which resonated naturally with these microbes, Rife increased their natural oscillations until they distorted and disintegrated from structural stresses. Rife called this frequency the mortal oscillatory rate, or MOR. Importantly noted is the fact that MOR did not harm the surrounding tissues.
To better understand this principle, think about how a wine glass can be shattered by an intense musical note, a frequency at which it vibrates, called a resonant frequency. If you put energy into the substance at its resonant frequency, you will force it to vibrate or resonate. Some singers can sing a note equal to the natural resonant frequency of the wine glass and cause it to shatter. Since everything else has a different resonant frequency, nothing but the glass is destroyed. (Resonance has even caused bridges to collapse. Marching troops of soldiers will often break cadence when crossing a bridge to prevent a resonance collapse.)
What Became of Rife and His Cure for Cancer?
Sadly, by 1939, most of the distinguished doctors and scientists photographed honoring Rife at the estate of Dr. Milbank Johnson, denied that they ever met Rife! This was due to medical politics and pressure from the pharmaceutical industry, to put it mildly. Historically, medical visionaries have been persecuted and ridiculed for challenging the orthodox medical views of their day. For example, Louis Pasteur was criticized for years for his theory that germs could cause disease, Morton for promoting the "absurd" idea of anesthesia and Harvey for his theory of the circulation of blood.
First, arsonists burned the Burnett Lab in New Jersey, which was validating Rife's work. Later, on the eve of a press conference to announce the results of the 1934 study, Dr. Milbank Johnson, former president of the southern California AMA, was fatally poisoned and his papers "lost".
Also, after a failed attempt by Morris Fishbein to buy the rights to Rife's machine for the medical drug industry, Rife's labs were destroyed by arson and sabotage. Dr. Nemes, who had duplicated some of the work of Rife, was killed in a mysterious fire that destroyed all his research papers. These and other incidents lead Rife to stop his research.
It took many years for Rife's colleagues to secretly reconstruct enough of his burned and stolen research work to make effective Rife instruments again available to the public.
In 1950 a man by the name of John Crane met Roy Rife. Their partnership resulted in the further development and improvement of Rife's microscope and frequency instruments. By 1954, Rife's description of the cancer cure was copyrighted under Crane's urging. However, neither had the resources that were available to Rife in the 1930's. So, building a high-powered Ray Tube was impossible. Crane believed that a much smaller Frequency Instrument that attached to the body could be just as supportive. This direct method in fact was shown to be useful and more convenient. By 1960, Crane wrote and copyrighted a manual explaining how this Frequency Instrument was to be used.
Inevitably, John Crane faced the same opposition and persecution that Royal Rife did in trying to bring a cure for cancer to the general public. Although Crane lacked the skills needed to bring Rife's discoveries and inventions into mainstream acceptance and utilization, he enabled the Rife story to be told. (For a more in-depth discussion, you can refer to the book 'The Cancer Cure That Worked!' written by Barry Lynes.) THE CANCER CURE THAT WORKED
Rife Technology Today and Its History
The name “Rife Machine” has been put on many modern instruments sold today that cannot and will not output or produce Dr. Rife's original frequencies. Dr. Rife passed away some 35 years ago and the last machine built under his direction was built in the 1950’s. Dr. Rife used the available equipment or technology of his day. The instrument Dr. Rife used in the 1934 clinic was assembled from standard off-the-shelf frequency generating equipment which could be bought off-the-shelf because it was standard electronic testing equipment.
In 1923, Dr. Rife purchased the Colin B. Kennedy Company equipment. Dr. Rife used the Kennedy Model 110, 220 and 281 in his work on microoganisms. The Model 110 had the broadest frequency range of the three models. It went from 12,000 Hertz to about 2 million Hertz. The frequencies that Dr. Rife used with the Kennedy equipment ranged from 139,200 Hertz for Anthrax to 1,607,450 Hertz for the BX cancer virus.
The audio frequencies that were used by Dr. Rife’s machines from 1936 through the 1950's were never intended to treat disease. The audio frequencies were used to create RF (Radio frequency) sideband frequencies which would hit the correct high RF frequency that would kill or devitalize the organisms.
Dr. Rife’s engineer Philip Hoyland built all of Dr. Rife’s instruments from 1935 to 1938. He built the instruments that used the audio frequencies and never told Dr. Rife or any of their business partners in the Beam Ray Corporation how the instrument worked. Philip Hoyland was trying to protect his interest and the Companies interests from those who might try to steal their technology.
This was necessary because they were not able to patent the frequencies or the Rife ray equipment because everything was in public domain. Philip Hoyland ended up taking Beam Ray Corporation to court in a legal dispute, which he lost. Though Dr. Rife and the Beam Ray Corporation won the legal battle against Philip Hoyland they still did not find out how Philip Hoyland designed these audio frequency instruments. The Beam Rays Company came to its end in 1939 because they had no more money. The secret of Philip Hoyland’s audio frequency instrument remained hidden until 2010 when an original instrument was analyzed.
For the past 60 years no one knew how the Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument audio frequencies worked with the high RF carrier frequency. Due to this lack of knowledge many people have been wrongly using the audio frequencies for the treatment of disease. What even made things worse is in the 1950’s Crane and John Marsh two of Dr. Rife’s partners, along with Dr. Rife, lowered the audio frequencies by a factor of ten times. This decision was made because they did not understand how the instrument really worked.
The changes that were made at this time compromised the instruments effectiveness. Because of these mistakes the wrong frequencies have been used for almost 60 years and people have built instruments that can only output low audio frequencies. This means that almost all the frequency generators that people call "Rife machines" which are sold on the market today are limited to just low audio frequencies and cannot output Dr. Rife's original high RF frequencies.
When looking to purchase a frequency generator the two most important considerations when purchasing a frequency generator is the FREQUENCY RANGE and POWER OUTPUT of the instrument.
If it does not have a frequency range which goes from the audio range to about 20,000,000 Hertz (20 million or 20 Megahertz) then you will not be able to use Dr. Rife’s original high RF frequencies.
With a frequency generator that has the ability to cover the entire frequency range of 1 Hertz to 20 Megahertz it will be possible to not only use Dr. Rife’s high RF frequencies but also use many of the low audio frequencies that people have found that seem to help with many conditions.
Many people ask, why in the world would anyone want to be limited to the low audio frequencies, which were wrongly used for the treatment of disease, when Dr. Rife’s correct frequencies were all in the higher RF range? It was Dr. Rife’s high RF frequencies that Dr. Milbank Johnson used in the 1934 cancer and tuberculosis clinic, not the low audio frequencies.
The Number 5 Beam Ray Clinical Machine
After this 1934 clinic Dr. Milbank Johnson want an instrument built that would be put into the comforts of a single cabinet. Dr. Rife’s original equipment consisted of several pieces of equipment and was difficult to move around.
In 1935 Philip Hoyland was hired by Dr. Johnson and Dr. Rife to move the frequency generating equipment forward from the 1920's technology to the newer technology available in the 1930's. This new instrument was called the Rife Ray #4. But even this was nothing revolutionary because it was a standard desigh used during that time period.
Philip Hoyland then built the Rife Ray #5 or the Beam Ray Clinical machine and it used a standard M.O.P.A. transmitter design. M.O.P.A stands for “Master Oscillator Power Amplifier.” This design had been used for several years and all Hoyland did was attach the ray tube where the metal antenna was connected.
A ray tube was just an X-ray tube re-gassed with noble gases such as neon, argon or helium. These gases did not put off any harmful X-rays and were safe to use. The safety of these gases have been proven over the many years by the fact that light bulb companies use these types of gases in the light bulbs that they sell for public use.
The Rife Ray #4 used Dr. Rife’s original high RF frequencies that ranged from 139,200 Hertz to 1,607,450 Hertz. Anyone that knows anything about frequencies knows that these frequencies are not audio frequencies, they are radio frequencies.
Dr. Rife’s #4 instruments used these frequencies directly output through the ray tube. It did not used Philip Hoyland’s Beam Rays M.O.P.A. design which hid the frequencies in order protected their technology.
This M.O.P.A design used in the Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical audio frequency instrument was built in 1936 for the Beam Ray Corporation. The important thing to remember is the audio frequencies used in the instrument were not used for the treatment of disease. This is where the big mistake has been made for the last 60 years.
The audio frequencies were used to create sideband frequencies and it was one of these sideband frequencies that would hit the high RF frequency that would treat the disease.
This same basic M.O.P.A design was updated and used in the 1953 AZ-58 style Beam Ray Clinical replica audio instrument. The major difference that was made to the 1953 AZ-58 instrument was the audio frequency range. Due to the lack of understanding how the instrument really worked the audio frequencies were lowered by a factor of ten times. This made it so the sideband method used by Philip Hoyland to produce the proper high RF frequencies no longer worked.
Another big mistake was made when they changed the high RF carrier frequency. If the RF carrier frequency was changed then the audio frequencies would not work because they were calculated to match the carrier frequency to produce the proper sideband frequencies which treated the disease.
These two mistakes compromised the 1953 AZ-58 instrument and made it so it no longer worked on Dr. Rife’s high RF frequencies.
By the late 1950's Dr. Rife’s business partners, John Crane and John Marsh decided to take an off-the-shelf frequency generator and try using in it with the same low audio frequencies used by the 1953 AZ-58 Beam Rays Clinical ray tube instrument. Instead of using a ray tube they plugged in some metal disks with handles and used them to make contact with the body.
Today people use metal hand cylinders and foot plates. Some companies put down the method of using metal hand cylinders and claim that only a ray tube will work due to their incorrect understanding of the "Skin Effect." This is not true as the hand and foot electrodes work just fine.
Side-Band Frequencies and Sweeping
Though it was Philip Hoyland that developed the Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument which used the harmonic sideband frequency method to produce Dr. Rife’s high RF frequencies, it was all based on Dr. Rife’s original work with frequencies. For this reason we give the greater credit to Dr. Rife because without him none of this would have been possible.
The doctors that used the Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument found that they needed to sweep each frequency that they used because of the accuracy problems that were inherent in the 1930's technology. Below is a quote from Bertrand Comparet, Dr. Rife's attorney, about the reason why the doctors had to sweep the frequencies they used:
COMPARET: Now what [Dr] Couche did, see, he would have cases where he would get an instantaneous cure, like that, and other times when the treatment just didn’t produce any results, because of the frequency shift. So, he would start in, he had from Rife (They were Hoylands dial settings that produced harmonic frequencies from Dr. Rife's original frequencies that would devitalize the organisms) a set of the frequencies for several different diseases and he would tune it deliberately to one side of that frequency and then gradually tune it across to the other side making sure that somewhere in the process he crossed the correct frequency, even if the instrument wasn’t exactly in tune anyway. Well, when they hit the exact frequency they got amazing results.”
Because these doctors had to sweep the dial for each frequency they used it became obvious that a sweep of the full range of the frequencies which they used would really be the best way to use this type of equipment. Therefore the credit for this sweep is given to Dr. Rife and Philip Hoyland.
When Dr. Milbank Johnson M.D. and Philip Hoyland were testing the first proto-type of the Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument they had something happen which amazed everyone that was working in Dr. Johnson's Laboratory. It was this event that revealed the full capability of the Beam Ray Clinical instrument and the possibilities of what a sweep with this M.O.P.A. type instrument could do. Below is Dr. Johnson's letter which describes what happened:
DR. JOHNSON: “Last summer, in hunting for the M.O.R. for the other two reproductive forms of the cryptomyces pleomorphia, we ran into a new band of oscillations which introduced itself to us by killing all three forms - those that we called BX, our filter-passing form; then a transitional form such as you found in the monocytes in the blood; and then the third or highly developed form coming from the sporangius forming from the hyphas of the mycelium. At the same time that this new wave band arrived, we broke all the glass in the laboratory of a certain shape, not only in the room where we were working but in all the other rooms...we had been troubled a great deal with a mold because in the microscope room there were no windows, but this band not only destroyed that mold, which was growing on the leather objects in the room, but every bacteriological culture that we had in the laboratory! It cleaned us out completely so we had to start from scratch and replace our losses. In fact, we were all so surprised that we began to feel each other’s pulses to see if we were still alive. As no harm had been done to us, we proceeded to test the new band out on mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs. So far as we were able to discover, it is not at all destructive or injurious to normal cell tissue. While we have been forced to modify our machine so as to produce this new band, still it is so much more effective clinically that we look upon it as a very advantageous discovery. However, our experience has forced us to do all of our experimenting with the new ray [Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument] completely outside of our laboratory building or abandon all form of bacteriological experiments, because it instantly kills them all.
I can assure you that no one, not even myself, could help but be astounded at the results we are now obtaining with the assistance of our new machines and our new band of MOR's. " (Letter from Dr. Johnson to Dr. Gruner (copy sent to Dr. Rife) dated, November 4, 1936).
From this letter we learn that Dr. Johnson and Philip Hoyland were looking for the frequencies for two organisms which were connected to cancer. In order for them to find these frequencies it was necessary for them to sweep the dial of the instrument through the various frequencies. The proto-type of this instrument apparently malfunctioned which gave them a new band of frequencies (audio frequencies) to work with.
While sweeping through this new band of frequencies they happened to be able to kill these two organisms. Not only where they able to kill these two organisms but they were also able to kill all of the organisms in the laboratory including the mold on the walls and furniture. This effect totally amazed them. They made the modifications to the Beam Ray Clinical instrument so that this new band of frequencies would be included in it. They also found that this Beam Ray Clinical instrument could not be used in the laboratory because every time they used it they would kill all the microorganisms in the laboratory.
None of Dr. Rife's previous instruments ever had the capability that this instrument had. Even though this new Rife Ray #5 or Beam Ray Clinical instrument was useless in the laboratory for finding individual frequencies for organisms, it was ideal for using clinically. Dr. Johnson pointed this fact out in his letter. The major difference between this new Beam Ray Clinical instrument and Dr. Rife’s previous instruments is the fact that this new instrument could produce over one hundred harmonic side bands simultaneously. It was this new harmonic sideband capability in this Beam Ray Clinical instrument which makes this sweep we are discussing on this page possible.
The Significance of 3.30 MHz Sweep
We will now explain the significance of this 3.30 MHz (Megahertz) sweep and how it can be used to produce all of Dr. Rife’s frequencies, both known and unknown. Not only can it be used to produce Dr. Rife’s frequencies, both known and unknown, but this sweep can produce the frequencies for many organisms that we do not have the frequencies for. This makes this sweep very advantageous to use.
Almost all of Dr. Rife’s frequencies that he found which would devitalize the various micro-organisms ranged from 139,200 Hertz to 1,607,450 Hertz. Philip Hoyland found with his Beam Ray Clinical instrument that he could cover this entire frequency range using a fixed 3.30 Megahertz (MHz) carrier frequency modulated (combined) with audio frequencies. Through the use of these audio frequencies which were modulated onto this 3.30 MHz carrier frequency, high frequency harmonic sidebands were created. The audio frequencies used in this instrument ranged from 1,200 Hertz to 21,275 Hertz. In the chart below we see the audio frequencies that are used with 3.30 MHz to produce, through harmonic sidebands, all of Dr. Rife's known high RF frequencies.
This is a brief introduction into this complex and fascinating topic.
Dr. Reinhard Voll
Dr Voll and Allergy Testing
Voll discovered that certain acupuncture points showed abnormal readings when subjects were reacting allergically. He made several serendipitous discoveries related to "allergy" testing. He noted some as usual readings on certain acupuncture points when a patient had a bottle of medicine in his pocket. He could remove the bottle and consistently get different readings when the bottle was in his pocket com pared to when it was not.
At first he was baffled as to how a closed bottle of medicine outside the body could affect the acupuncture readings. It was even more baffling when he discovered that the glass bottle of medicine could change the readings when it was in contact any where along the closed electric circuit involved with the testing procedure. Voll and his colleagues then began work to identify the nature of this strange phenomena. They inserted a metal plate into the circuit and demonstrated that many substances that precluded changes in acupuncture point readings when ingested could produce the same changes when placed on the plate (even in closed glass bottles).
They assumed that there must be some kind of electro-magnetic energy being emitted from the substances, and that these energy fields somehow traveled along the electric circuit to the body (perhaps like the energy waves representing a person's voice travels along the electric circuitry of a telephone line).
Voll and other scientists have conducted various experiments in an attempt to characterize the energy form that is being measured. As yet, no clear consensus of opinion exists as to exactly how this phenomenon functions. For that matter, no clear consensus exists how any electric phenomena function. Although it used to be thought that electricity was fairly straight forward and well understood, many discoveries in the last few years have made many scientists question older theories.
Robert Beck, a physicist well known for his pioneering work in various areas of electromagnetism, said the following, "Man is an extremely complex biocosmic resonator. And it will be quite a few years before even the effect of some of these simple stimulation-type devices are well understood, much less fully understood." 22
Electrodermal testing devices have been extensively studied by Dr. William Tiller from Stanford, who is a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He has written extensively in an attempt to explain the electric behavior of the skin and how electrodermal diagnostic and treatment instruments function 23,24
Dr. Cyril Smith, Ph.D physicist in the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Salford, England, has also written extensively in an attempt to explain various electromagnetic phenomena, including electrodermal testing on acupuncture points .25 Other world leaders in bioelectric medicine include Robert O. Becker, M.D. and his landmark book entitled, The Body
Electric - Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, 26 and Bjorn Nordenstrom, M.D. and his books The Electric Man, and Biologically Closed Electric Circuits.
Whether or not a diagnostic or therapeutic modality is fully understood has absolutely no bearing on its effectiveness or usefulness.
It is beyond the scope of this lesson to attempt to explain the phenomena involved in electrodiagnostic testing. In fact, it would seem better to have no explanation at all than have an incorrect theory.
For example, the drug Hydergine has been shown to be effective for improving cerebral function in older people in a number of double-blind controlled studies. The mechanism was thought to be through increasing cerebral blood flow. When further studies failed to show increased blood flow, the drug was thought by many to be ineffective, and fell into disfavor. More recent studies have shown a variety of actions that could explain the results of therapy, and it once again has become widely used .29
Evidence for Reliability of Electrodermal Testing
There is a great deal of controversy in medicine today over the issue of what techniques are considered experimental, and which ones are considered to be adequately proven. This issue was investigated by the Office of Technology Assessment of the Congress of The United States. They produced a 133 page report entitled "Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Medical Technologies." This report stated that "it has been estimated that only 10 to 20 percent of all procedures currently used in medical practice have been shown to be efficacious by controlled trials. 30
The chairman of the Utah Unproven Health Practices Committee in 1985 was asked what constitutes adequate evidence that a technology has been adequately proven? His reply was that a good double-blind study is reasonable proof, and that several double-blind studies reported by researchers from different centers is excellent proof." Others involved in this issue have suggested that the agreement of experts in the field of the effectiveness and usefulness of the technology is good proof. Also, the clinical use of a technology by various medical practitioners is also good proof of its efficacy.
Electrodermal testing instruments have been around for over thirty five years and have been used widely in Europe and virtually around the world for allergy testing as well as for a variety of other purposes. These instruments, however, have been used for only a few years in this country.
Electrodermal testing instruments have been manufactured in Germany, Japan, China, France, Denmark, Russia, and more recently in the United States.
Many double-blind studies have been done using this technology. In fact, most of those practitioners who use them have set up a blinded test situation of one kind or another before they really believed that these instruments actually work. Besides the double-blind study described earlier in this paper, hundreds of patients have been tested in a double-blind fashion where the patient did not know what they were being tested for, and the instrument operator did not know anything about the patient's reactivity. These tests usually compare favorably to the patient's history and to testing by other techniques.
Perhaps the most convincing evidence for the accuracy and reliability of electrodermal testing came from using this testing to quickly identify correct optimal treatment doses for patients who had unpleasant reactions to provocative testing. An effective dose to turn off the response would often take more than an hour by trial and error, but could almost always be found within seconds using the instrument. On those few misses, the optimal dose was within one dilution, and could easily be found.
In the early 1950's, Reinhold Voll, a German medical doctor, developed an electronic testing device for finding acupuncture points electrically. He was successful in finding acupuncture points and demonstrating that these points, known to Chinese acupuncturists for millennia, had a different resistance to a tiny electrical current passed through the body, than did the adjacent tissues. Many other researchers have also verified that electrical conductance at the acupuncture points is significantly greater than the surrounding tissue.
In the late 1940’s, Dr. Reinhard Voll, a German medical doctor and engineer began researching and proving an innovative testing method now known as EAV (Electroacupuncture according to Voll)
This method was documented and proven, in over a decade of hospital studies, in Germany and today is widely used throughout Europe by over 25,000 medical practitioners. In the United States, it is currently growing in acceptance particularly by medical practitioners who specialize in “Alternative, Holistic and Biological Medicine” techniques and disciplines.
EVA offers a quick, non-invasive screening method for determining health imbalances.
It is an “Energetic” assessment of the individual. And while all the organs, glands and complex systems in the body are physical and chemical in nature, there is also an unseen component to them and this is called the Energetic System.
This Energetic System is not physical nor chemical, it is pure energy.
Voll then began a life long search to identify correlations between disease states and changes in the electrical resistance of the various acupuncture points. He thought that if he could identify electrical changes in certain acupuncture points associated with certain diseases, then he might be able to identify those diseases more easily, or earlier, when treatment intervention was likely to be more effective.
Voll was successful in identifying many acupuncture points related to specific conditions and published a great deal of information about using acupuncture points diagnostically." (Until Voll, these points had been used mainly for treatment.) He found, for example, that patients with lung cancer had abnormal readings on the acupuncture points referred to as lung points. Changes also occurred in the electrical conductance of the acupuncture points supplying musculoskeletal structures that are inflamed.
These changes in acupuncture point resistance related to lung cancer have been verified more recently by researchers from UCLA and USC. In a double-blind study, 3 patients with lung cancer and 20 controls (who had negative chest x-rays) had the electrical resistance of several acupuncture lung points and several small intestine points measured. There was an 87 percent correlation between the testing results and the results of the X-ray diagnosis for the lung points, and no correla-tion with the small intestine points.
Of interest, there were no false negatives and 4 "false" positives. Two of these false positive readings were from the same patient who had an "inconsistent shadow" on his lung X-ray but had shown no evidence of disease with tomograms and a CT scan. 5 These "false positive" readings could have been from lung cancer not yet diagnosed, or some other degenerative disease process, or could have been merely incorrect readings.
Another study from the Pain Management Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, UCLA School of Medicine, evaluated the ability of electrodermal testing to identify, in a blinded fashion, areas of pain. Forty patients were determined by medical examination to have musculoskeletal pain. Each patient was draped to hide any physical evidence to suggest where the pain might be. The physician conducting the electrodermal testing had no prior knowledge of the patient's history, and was not allowed to talk to the patient.
Based on increased skin conductance at specific acupuncture points of the ears, the physician determined, with greater than 75 percent accuracy, the location of the pain, a highly significant result. This study also pointed out that electrodermal testing technique "is often sensitive to pathological problems of which the patient is only minimally aware. When some patients were told of their auricular diagnosis results, they suddenly remembered having a minor or old pain problem in that bodily area, a problem which they had neglected to mention during the medical evaluation," and thus were considered to be "misses" in the statistical analysis .6 The results of this test were therefore more impressive than the statistical analysis would indicate.
EAV “The Basics”
In the late 1940’s, a German medical doctor and engineer, Dr. Reinhard Voll, began researching and proving an innovative testing method now known as EAV (Electro-Acupuncture according to Voll, EDS, Electro-Dermal Screening or MSA, Meridian Stress Assessment). (We will refer to this technology as MSA throughout the document.)
This method was documented and proven in over a decade of hospital studies in Germany and today MSA is widely used throughout Europe by over 25,000 medical practitioners.
In the United States, MSA is currently growing in acceptance particularly by medical practitioners who specialize in “Alternative, Holistic and Biological Medicine” techniques and disciplines. MSA offers a quick, non-invasive screening method for determining health imbalances. Practitioners typically use MSA as a compliment to those standard testing procedures in common use. MSA has great value in giving practitioners a “hands on” assessment tool. MSA is an “Energetic” assessment of the individual. And even though MSA is not accepted as a standard medical diagnostic tool, the information provided from an MSA screening is invaluable for the general assessment of a patient’s condition.
MSA Testing is an “Energetic” Testing procedure. So what is Energetic and what kind of “Energy” is this?
Everyone is familiar with the fact that we have many different organs and glands in the body. We are also familiar with the highly organized and complex Nervous System and the Circulatory System. Initially, we consider that all these organs, glands, and systems are physical and chemical in nature. We can touch, see and measure these aspects. We know that science has proven these attributes, and we take science’s accounts of such nature to be true. But there is also an unseen component of all these organs, glands, and systems called the Energetic System.
This Energetic System is not physical or chemical in its nature.
Instead, it is pure energy. For centuries, Chinese doctors have been practicing the art of “Acupuncture”. Acupuncture is based on a system of “Meridians”. The Meridians are explained as a network of “Energy” channels that are used for communication and for moving energy throughout the body. An acupuncturist uses needles that are placed at specific “Points” to stimulate the flow of energy to specific organs and glands.
There are twenty-one (21), basic MSA Meridians(Chinese doctors typically use 12 Meridians), each corresponding to the major organs and glands of the body. Along each of these Meridians, there are found to be many Acupuncture “Points”. Each acupuncture point on a Meridian will correspond to either a specific gland, or to the various functional regions found within an organ. All totalled, there are hundreds of different points located along the basic twenty-one Meridians. This Energetic System is an intricate map that is consistently identical in every man and woman.
Everyone has the same Meridians and the same Acupuncture Points.
The Chinese have known about this map for over 3,000 years. They have had success in using this knowledge of the Energetic System of the body through the application of Acupuncture techniques for health improvement. Their empirical success alone offers substantiated proof of the Energetic System.
Science has just recently made successful displays of the existence of the Energetic System through the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) Systems. The Energetic System is a network of communication pathways. This System is aware of everything that is going on in even the smallest corner of your body. The Energetic System knows the presence of every organism living in your body including all viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. It also knows the functional condition and health level of every cell in your body. The Energetic System is also aware of every toxin and every other factor that influences your state of health. Using current technology we can indirectly measure the Energetic System. An MSA Testing Device indirectly measures the Energetic System by using electricity.
In Germany in the late 1940’s, Dr. Voll was experimenting with the effects of electricity on the human body. In his studies, Dr. Voll used a technique known as Electrical Conductivity Metering. We can explain this in simple terms. Electricity flows very easily through some materials making them very electrically conductive. Gold, silver and copper are all very electrically conductive. Other materials are not conductive, for example dry wood or rubber. We can use a “Conductivity Meter” to measure the electrical conductance of different materials.
Dr. Voll found that if he tested the electrical conductance on any general area of the human body, there was a fairly low level of electrical conductivity. This is a curious conclusion since we know that the body has a large volume of electrically conductive fluids within it. But, the skin, by its nature, is very resistant to electrical current. However, Dr. Voll also found that at certain specific locations on the anatomy, the electrical flow he measured was much more conductive than other locations. These points found by Voll to be higher in electrical flow correspond to the Acupuncture Points and Meridians.
An MSA device is a type of Electrical Conductivity Meter. Some of the newer generation devices are connected to computers with specialized software, but essentially, any MSA device is a Conductivity Meter. We use electrical current to measure the Meridians. We have to keep in mind that this is an indirect measurement of the Energetic System. We also must keep in mind that Energetic Testing, MSA, is not the same thing as standard physiological, pathological and biochemical medical health measurements. When a practitioner tests the Liver Meridian with an MSA device he is not testing the actual Liver, he is testing the Energetic component of the Liver. Yet the technology works, in fact it works very well, and it opens the doorway to the vast possibilities of communicating with the Energetic System. Using an MSA device to measure electricity is the first step. The next question is; How do we go from electrical conductance measurement to a useful assessment of the Energetic System?
We know some useful points and from these we can make some viable conclusions:
Electricity will flow through a Meridian.
The nature of how electricity flows through a specific Meridian is directly related to how Energy flows through the specific Meridian.
The flow of Energy is related to the Energetic health of a Meridian. And therefore we know that the flow of electricity is also related, just as the Energy is, to the health of the Meridian. The “Universal Baseline” makes MSA a viable testing method.
A Balanced Reading:
The MSA Meter gives us conductance readings and there is intrinsic value in this; however the actual reason that we can use MSA to evaluate the meridians is because, as Dr. Voll discovered that there is a Universal Baseline. Regardless of who is tested, no matter what their age, weight, sex, or race, a reading of 50 with no change over time (no indicator drop), is an indication of an Energetically healthy or “Balanced” meridian.
Irritation and Inflammation:
Readings at points that are significantly above 50 (65+) indicate “Irritation” of the Meridian.
Remedy Testing expands the range of capability in MSA Testing. Readings above 75 exhibit “Inflammation” of a Meridian, easily understood. We all have observed or experienced that inflamed tissue is swollen. It holds more liquid than its normal state of being.
We also know that the more liquid equates to more electrical conductivity. Therefore, we should have a higher conductivity reading if a tissue is inflamed.
Indicator Drops and Impaired Functionality:
When a reading steadily drops in value from the high point down, this is known as an “Indicator Drop” (ID), and this can display a weakness or disturbance in the meridian.
From a functional standpoint it can be said that the Meridian is “Functionally Impaired”.
Functionally Compromised Readings:
When a reading is significantly lower than 50 (below 40) then it is believed that this meridian is displaying “low energy” properties.
A chronically inflamed organ will eventually stop performing as it loses the fight.
It may become hardened, as happens in liver cirrhosis. As organs harden, they lose their hydration, and thus cannot conduct electricity as they once did, therefore producing “low energy” readings.
A practitioner can test all of the basic Meridians in just a few minutes and by evaluating each Reading he can determine the general Energetic condition of all the organs and glands.
In his studies, Dr. Voll discovered “Remedy Testing”. He found that different remedies might affect the readings on different Meridians.
For example, if you are testing the Liver Meridian and the practitioner tests several different remedies on the “Test Plate” (a metal plate, usually aluminum, used for remedy testing on an MSA device), some of these remedies may change the conductance readings on the Liver Meridian. If a particular remedy causes the Liver Meridian reading to become more “Balanced” (closer to 50, and less Indicator Drop or flatter), then the practitioner would consider this specific remedy to be “Bio-Compatible”.
Biocompatible means; the remedy produces a favorable or “Positive Response” energetically.
Dr William Rea and Electrodermal Testing
Another physician who has evaluated electrodermal testing in his office is William Rea, M.D. from Dallas, an internationally known pioneer in environmental medicine. Besides serving as the director of the Environmental Health Center in Dallas, Dr. Rea has been appointed as the First World Professorial Chair in Environmental Medicine, Robens Institute, University of Surrey, England.
Dr. Rea set up a simple double-blind situation using a number of people who had reacted ad-versely to a challenge test with various antigens, and for whom an optimal treatment dosage had been found to turn off those reactions. Neither the patients nor the instrument operator knew the correct dosage. A series of dilutions were tested, and the electronic instrument identified the correct optimal treatment dosage out of 12 to 20 options in approximately 80 percent of the cases.
Virtually all of the "misses" were within 1 dilution of the optimal dose dilution determined by trial and error, making it easy to find the optimal dose in those "misses." Dr. Rea describes using these instruments as part of his practice to find optimal treatment doses for very sensitive patients before provoking symptoms, so that he can quickly administer an effective treatment dose in case of severe reactions.
Doctors from England have for some time used electrodermal testing for allergies. One of these medical doctors reported a study in the British medical literature.
There have been at least three double-blind assessments of electrodermal testing reported in the American medical literature. In 1989, Ali reported in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology the results of a double-blind test comparing the results of IgE antibody levels (using a microELiSA procedure) for a variety of pollens and molds to electro dermal testing for the same antigens. The results showed concordance between the two tests of 73 percent.
In 1985, Krop did a double-blind test comparing electrodermal testing to sublingual and intradermal testing for a variety of foods, chemicals, and inhalants. In 66 percent of the 227 tests, the electrodermal testing identified exactly the same "neutralizing" (optimal treatment) dilution as did the intradermal and sublingual testing.
In 1984, researchers from the University of Hawaii compared 6 different diagnostic modalities for assessing food allergies. These tests included history, food challenge, skin, RAST, IgE antibodies, and electrodermal testing on 30 volunteers. The testing was done in a double blind fashion, with the patients not knowing what antigens were being tested, and the instrument operator not knowing anything about the patient's food sensitivities. In over 300 tests, electrodermal testing matched the history 74 percent of the time, the food rechallenge test 77 percent of the time, skin testing 71 percent of the time, and RAST testing 69 percent of the time.
The authors concluded that "the EAV (electrodermal testing) data obtained in this experiment demonstrates the highest degree of compatibility with the food challenge test, which is considered to be the most sensitive of the currently available diagnostic techniques for food allergy. In addition, the EAV results were comparable with both skin and RAST tests.
In comparing these three double-blind studies, it is of interest to note that the number of "false positives" identified by electrodermal testing greatly exceeds the number of "false negatives." The breakdown is as follows:
Study False positives False negatives
Ali 22 5
Krop 42 2
Tsuei 67 18
Totals: 131 25
Krop points out that in his study, the subjects were only tested to things to which they reported an adverse response. He expressed the opinion that these apparent "false positives" were not false at all, but merely reflected a greater sensitivity of the electrodermal testing compared to the more traditional testing to which it was compared. The results of the other two studies may also have reflected this greater sensitivity with electrodermal testing.
When trying to evaluate the accuracy and dependability of electrodermal testing for food allergy testing, a number of factors about food allergy must first be understood.
Important Rules and the Significance of the Vegetative Reflex Test (VRT)
1. The Vegetative Reflex Test (VRT) represents an advanced development of the ‘Electroacupuncture according to Voll’ (EAV) concept. It features a combination of electronic measurements of skin resistance on specific energy meridian points that disclose vital health information through vegetative (autonomic) reflexes and resonances.
2. When all conventional diagnostic tests (physical and biochemical) reveal no clues to the cause of a patient’s complaints, the disorders are most likely functional in nature rather than morphological. The VRT reveals about 80% of the otherwise undiagnosable cases of migraines, backaches, exhaustion, sleep disturbance, etc.
3. When conventional examination cannot fully or correctly explain the patient’s complaints, the VRT is highly indicative. It is superbly suited for the diagnosis of functional ailments and of clinically obscure, subclinical disorders. These make up about 20% of all indications.
4. In severe clinical cases with perplexing differential diagnosis, the VRT can be of decisive help. It can lead to wide-ranging diagnostic discoveries of utmost significance. It excels beyond all other medical tests in identifying the pathogenesis of disease.
5. The VRT, is not and cannot be, a substitute for conventional diagnostic procedures whenever they are indicated. Experienced physicians face the dilemma off and on.
6. Up-to-date experience shows that the VRT achieves the greatest rate of diagnostic success in cases of functional disturbances. This is presumably due to the physical basis of the VRT, a diagnostic system that utilizes the phenomenon of biological resonance. In addition, the experience of the therapist plays a decisive role in the accuracy of the measurements.
7. 70% of patients in an average daily practice suffer from functional disorders manifested as chronic diseases. Conventionally, they are treated with chemotherapeutics. Functional disturbances cannot be confirmed by conventional diagnostics.
8. 30-40% ofconventional laboratory tests for patients with functional ailments yield negative results (nothing of significance is revealed). This often seems to be a justification for psychotherapeutic intervention. This, in most cases is not productive.
9. Such diagnostic shortcomings of conventional medicine, results in needless suffering, with waste of time and money.
10. The VRT, which is subjective, is only as good as the clinician in charge. In the hands of aknowledgeable and experienced health professionals it can be of tremendous help to the patient. Extensive training is required for the professional to reach a level of accuracy in measurements.
11. The indications for VRT diagnostics apply to chronically ill patients with functional and subclinical disturbances (see 2 and 3). Attempting to corroborate VRT findings with conventional diagnostics would make as little sense as trying to detect sound waves with optical instruments. Functional disturbances initially are neither chemical nor morphological.
12. In Functional Medicine the VRT represents an important diagnostic method within the entire spectrum of diagnostic modalities.
Food Allergy Characteristics
It is important to understand the complexities involved with food intolerance testing in order to get the maximal benefit from this type of testing.
Food allergy is a complex issue. It is not just a yes or no situation. Various types of food reactions have been described, including the following:
a) Fixed allergy - A person with a fixed food allergy will react to that substance each time they come into contact with it, often even with a very tiny exposure. It doesn't matter how long it has been since the last exposure, re-exposure will still produce a reaction.
b) Cumulative allergy - A person with a cumulative allergy to foods will only react to a specific food when they ingest enough of it to exceed their allergy threshold for that food. It may take a substantial amount of that food to evoke a reaction. A specific food may be tolerated just fine one day, but if ingested the next day will likely produce a significant reaction.
c) Variable allergy - A person with variable allergies may react at certain times when eating a food, but tolerate it well on other occasions. Some people react to specific foods when certain pollens are in the air, but not at other times. This may represent a complex cumulative response to common antigenic material in several foods, or a reaction to a combination of a food and a pollen. Some women react adversely to certain foods during a particular phase of the menstrual cycle, or during pregnancy. In most cases, the reason for the variability is not clear.
The mechanism or mechanisms causing adverse reactions to foods are not clear. Although much early attention was focused on the role of IgE antibodies, it is clear that many reactions are mediated through other mechanisms. Much recent attention has focused on the role of IgG antibodies, and some workers believe that IgG antibodies correlate more closely with the clinical picture of food allergy than do IgE antibodies. Prostaglandins and related hormones have been shown to play a role in some cases. In other cases, adverse reactions may be non-immunologic responses.
There is no 100 percent reliable test for food allergy to which other tests can be compared. With no reliable standard of comparison, there is no way that any new test can be reliably judged. Almost daily we see patients in the office who have been tested with skin or RAST tests who are puzzled by the results. They usually describe negative testing for foods to which they clearly and predictably react, and positive tests for foods which they have repeatedly eliminated and reintroduced with no observable clinical response.
Each test has its limitations and shortcomings, including the following:
a) History - Many patients have a history of reacting after ingesting a meal, but do not have a clear understanding of what specific food caused the reaction. Many patients ingest specific foods like dairy products or wheat several times daily, and have never deliberately avoided those and other foods long enough to see if symptoms clear. Many are puzzled by the observation that they seem to react to a specific food sometimes, but not at other times. Most patients do not have enough understanding of the nature of food reactions to have intelligently evaluated individual foods.
b) Food Re-challenge - After a food is avoided for a time and then reintroduced, there may be no initial response if the reaction happens to be cumulative or variable. The best that can be determined by a one time challenge is that the person must not have an immediate, fixed reaction to that food. A food challenge must be repeated several times over two days or so to rule out these other forms of food reaction.
c) Double-blind food capsule test - Although this test may work reasonably well for a fixed reaction on someone with a low threshold for that food, it is in general a very unreliable test for food reactivity. One study showed that this technique correlated in only 30 percent of cases with skin testing and in less than 8 percent of cases with RAST testing."
d) RAST and related tests - RAST tests for IgE have shown a reasonable correlation to food reactions, but it is clear that many non IgE responses occur in response to food ingestion. IgG testing is be coming popular, and some advocates believe it correlates better with clinical responses to food challenge. Obviously, IgG antibodies also do not explain the whole realm of food reactivity.
e) Skin testing - Various types of skin responses have been investigated and are reasonably correlated with clinical food response in some tests but not in others. It was long thought that the skin re sponse was mediated exclusively through IgE antibodies. If this were the case, a better correlation between IgE antibodies and skin responses should be shown (unless both tests simply have a high level of error).
Disadvantages and Advantages of Electrodermal Testing
Disadvantages - Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other medications may suppress a person's immune reactivity, resulting in false positive readings on the instrument. Skin testing may also be suppressed in the same way. False positive reactions may occur in response to chemi cals in the environment in which testing occurs (such as reactions to perfumes, cleaners, etc.).
Occasionally, for unknown reasons, the instrument fails to identify a food, chemical or inhalant to which a person by history repeatedly reacts. The instrument may also occasionally identify an allergen as positive, even though avoidance and re- exposure fails to confirm that finding. Although not perfect, double-blind studies using electrodermal testing have shown a better correlation with food allergy than any other known test.
It is also the clinical impression of many practitioners that electrodermal testing correlates more closely with the observations of the patient than the more traditional forms of testing. Other advocates of electrodermal testing share this viewpoint. One doctor from Colorado reported the results of a survey of 109 patients tested with this technique. All had been tested by some other method in the past, and 69 percent thought that the results of electrodermal testing were more reliable than more conventional testing, with only 5 percent reporting it less reliable. The rest either thought it was the same or didn't comment. Since there is no reliable standard by which to compare electrodermal testing, at the present time there is no reliable way to assess its accuracy.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of electrodermal testing is the poor acceptance of the technique by some physicians. There has been a tendency by some, with a 1910 mentality, to dismiss it as pure "quackery" without even knowing any more about it than it is some kind of electric device. According to a California colleague, a state official pronounced that he had proven that the use of electrodiagnostic instruments is pure quackery, because he had personally tested one out that he had confiscated from a local practitioner and showed conclusively that it didn't work.
Unfortunately, all too many physicians are prepared to accept this type of judgement, while rejecting all the world literature to the contrary Even back in the 1700's, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe knew about this type of mentality when he stated "we are accustomed to having men jeer at what they do not understand."
Advantages - Electrodermal testing seems to be at least as reliable, and probably more reliable, than other forms of allergy testing available. It is much safer than skin or challenge testing, since exposure to the allergenic substance is minimal. It is also much more pleasant for the patient than skin testing, since the testing itself is completely painless. There are also no unpleasant adverse reactions, which may last for many days with skin or challenge testing.
Electrodermal testing is generally much less expensive than other forms of testing. A typical charge from a traditional allergist for a series of skin or rast test is often between, €200 and €300. Most Electrodermal practitioners would charge about 1/3 of these prices for testing well over 100 items.
One of the biggest advantages of using electrodermal testing is in detecting sensitivities and identifying optimal treatment dosages instead of relying on trial and error, as used in intracutaneous serial dilution titration techniques, or with sublingual provocative-neutralization techniques.
Another useful application of electrodermal testing is in testing medications. Every doctor in primary care is faced with patients who seem to react to a lot of different medications, and who need to be given something to control blood pressure, or who need surgery, or who are on a lot of medications and there is strong evidence that they are reacting to one or more of their drugs.
There is a great deal of concern about Iatrogenic disease these days, in fact believed to be responsible for about 36 percent of hospital ad missions. 36 An estimated 2 percent of hospital patients even die from iatrogenic causes. 37 A great number of these unfortunate problems are caused by adverse reactions to drugs. Skin testing for identifying such problems is rather inadequate, since many of the drugs are not avail able in an injectable form for testing purposes.
Even if an injectable form is available, the patient still might react to the dyes, fillers, or excipients in the oral form. Many of the reactions from drugs are non IgE, and may not even show up on skin testing. In the past, the only option was trial and error, and it was often only after several unpleasant reactions that a tolerable, effective choice was found. With trying to sort out a patient's problems on a lot of drugs, it is even more complex. One has the dilemma of trying to decide whether to stop every thing and then reintroduce medications one at a time, whether to stop only one drug at a time, or whether to try switching some of their drugs to other types.
Going off of certain medications can be potentially dangerous to the patient. The electrodermal testing will usually indicate within a few minutes which medications are likely to be a problem. This testing can also indicate which medications are likely to be well tolerated. Based on that information, it is generally a simple matter to avoid the problem drug, and introduce medication likely to be well tolerated. Although this technique is not foolproof, and may not pick up every type of adverse reaction, it is certainly a lot better than a shot in the dark as with an entirely trial and error approach.
We have had several patients who experienced severe reactions to the anesthetics or other drugs used during previous surgical procedures. We have been able to test for reactions to various classes of medications needed, find presumably safe alternatives, and then have these drugs used by the anesthesiologist and surgeon. In the cases in which we have participated, the patients have tolerated the anesthesia and post surgical medications beautifully. Of course the patients and the doctors involved were told that the testing was no iron-clad guarantee that no reactions would occur, but would at least provide a good chance of a reaction-free procedure.
Svyatoslav Pavlovich Nesterov (1921 – 1988) Soviet Physicist.
He was born on 22nd of December, 1921, in Pushkino, near Moscow, in a family of medical officer.
In 1939 he entered physics department of Moscow State University. After beginning of the World War II he was evacuated to Ashkhabad where he met A.D. Sakharov.
After graduating magna cum laude from MSU, in 1943 he was assigned to military factory in Kuibyshev.
After the end of war Nesterov returned to Moscow and entered post-graduate courses of Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute to well known professor of physics Y.B. Zeldovich to study fundamental issues of quantum physics. At the age of 27 Nesterov defended a thesis and at the age of 32 he received a degree of doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. In 1958 in his scientific work (unpublished) he offered to introduce into quantum mechanics conception about structure of baryons as a compound particles consisting of three of more elementary particles. In theory of S. Nesterov electron and neutrino are regarded equally and can transform into each other. Hence reactions with spin impulse change are possible. During decay at intermediate stage so-called x-boson and other analogous spinor (terminal) particles are formed. The more important - that x-boson decay is non-uniform, with “delay”, as a result – baryon asymmetry development and following global spontaneous symmetry violation of many of spatial characteristics. Thus for the first time it was theoretically proven by S. Nesterov that in Universe there are enormous (billions of light years) areas with spatial division of matter with positive and negative polarization and corresponding to them physical fields determined by spin moment transfer, which were later called entropy (torsion) fields.
Similar principal idea and calculation were published by T. Van Hoven only in 1975, and practical prove was made by G. Hooft in 1995, for this he was awarded with Nobel Prize in 1999.
The idea and calculation of baryon decay offered by S. Nesterov were published only as a classified report.
Starting from March of 1951 until 1965 S. Nesterov, under guidance of his tutor Y. Zeldovich, was involved in military researches and work on nuclear weapons, for this he was awarded with Lenin Prize and title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1966 S.P. Nesterov received a title of corresponding member of Scientific Academy of USSR, in 1973 – title of academic. From 1986 he was a head of department of Physics Institute of SA of USSR, consulting physician of Direction of Institute of Space Researches of SA of USSR.
Starting from 1970’s on S.P. Nesterov’s initiative systematic researches of a new sphere of natural science – psychophysics has begun. Psychophysics is a science researching influence of physical fields on mental functions of a human.
On initiative of KGB of USSR head Y.V. Andropov, in Soviet Union research laboratory was created, the main goals of which were fundamental researches in this sphere and coordination of all works made in USSR by different scientific institutions in sphere of psychophysics and psychotronics. S.P. Nesterov was offered to head this laboratory. Later this laboratory was reformed into Scientific and research institute of theoretical and practical biophysics. For a long time this laboratory functioned under veil of secrecy.
After elimination of USSR, S. Nesterov was not able to conduct his researches in his motherland. In 1994 he was invited in USA by famous American physicist T. Van Hoven, and he continued his studies in laboratory of psychophysic researches of International Research Institute of Stanford headed by E. Krik.
On 14 of August, 1998, S.P. Nesterov died in New-York.
Evaluation of scientific accomplishments of Svyatoslav Nesterov is impossible until secrecy terms of his works are still valid. Nevertheless in goes without questions that his name deserves to be known in the history of world science
The Institute of Practical Psychophysics (Omsk) was founded in 1990 by the President of International Academy of non-linear diagnostic systems, full member of Academy of medical and technical sciences Vladimir Igorevich Nesterov. The Institute of Practical Psychophysics (IPP) is a scientific research institution, mainly oriented towards practical researches in bio-resonance diagnostics and therapy field.
The most advanced achievement of the IPP is non-linear diagnostics (NLS). NLS diagnostics based on bio-resonance method allows evaluating of degree, intensity and evidence of functional changes in patient’s organism. In most cases using of this method has a principal significance for diagnostics and thus for right treatment choosing. It means that developing of this method became a great improvement in diagnostic medicine.
Using the principle of NLS diagnostics and on the basis of researches of academic Svyatoslav Pavlovich Nesterov who invented trigger sensor, at the end of 80’s of the last century the Institute started to develop NLS diagnostic systems.
The Institute of Practical Psychophysics has produced an analogue-free investigation system, which makes it possible to trace any conditions in the body through changes in the wave characteristics of tissue, individual cells, chromosomes and even separate ferments and hormones. Non-linear analysis systems (NLS) are the most advanced information technologies available in this century and can be considered the most remarkable and advantageous accomplishment of modern natural science. The diagnosis equipment is based on the spectral analysis of the vortex magnetic field of any biological object. It is quite unique and unparalled in the world today. Numerous experiments performed at the Institute of Psychophysics confirm a close relationship between the vortex magnetic fields and biological systems with these fields being used in biological systems as a means of extra - and intercellular interaction. The vortex magnetic fields play an important part in information transfer and interaction with the various biological systems. How do biological systems recognize and isolate the necessary information from the background noise and in what manner do extra and intercellular communications take place?
The research carried out on the energy fields around plants and animals, by the Institute has concluded that there exists an extremely weak low-frequency vortex magnetic field around all biological systems. In trying to understand the energy fields which surround all living things we have come close to understanding the bio field phenomenon, the existence of which has been known of since time immemorial, with some of the evidence found in the Yajur - Veda and in Chinese medicine. The scientific discoveries underlying this method are simply a technological addition to the centuries old tradition of Oriental medicine based on the energy conceptions of acupuncture for regulating the body. If we turn to the Chinese meridian system we will learn of the mysteries of tsi flux which in energy terms is similar to that of the coherent photon flux. Experiments on rabbits showed that animals, just like man, have a system of extremely fine tubular structures (about 0.5 to 1.5 microns in diameter). The American scientist B. Kim succeeded in making a discovery as to which of the terminal points in the acupuncture meridian were actually found to reach the cell nucleus. There are a great many means of influencing the meridian system for therapy purposes but their effects are not strong enough. According to the theory of quantum entropy logic the information exchange in any system occurs distantly and selectively due to the quanta of electromagnetic radiation, which has energy equivalent to the energy breaking down the bonds of the systems elementary structure.The principals of the theory of quantum entropy logic give rise to the assumption that biological systems with existing pathologies lead to unstable (meta-stable) states, which make the systems, break down far more probable.
The Metatron which underlies the research system functions according to the principle of the amplification of the initiating signal with the disintegration of the meta-stable systems involved. In terms of physics the Metatron is a system of electronic oscillators resonating at the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation whose energy is equivalent to the energy breaking down the dominant bonds that maintain the structural organization of researched organism. The magnetic moments of the molecular currents, affected by external physical fields, lose their initial orientation, which causes misalignment of the spin structures of the delocalized electrons of the admixture centre of cortex neurons. This in turn gives rise to their unstable (meta-stable states) whose disintegration acts as an amplifier for the initiating signal. The hardware-software system developed at the Institute of Practical Psychophysics enables the production of a preset bioelectrical activity of brain neurons, with this activity as a background it becomes possible to selectively amplify signals hardly detectable against the statistical fluctuations, and then isolate and decode the information they contain. In a way the apparatus "Metatron" takes bearings of this radiation just where it originates in order to then decode and display it on the computer screen where a virtual model of the organ is produced in specific colors. Following the rules of quantum chromo kinetics, we represent entropy values of any system as spectrum colors, the tints will change from light yellow (minimum entropy values), through orange to red and purple, to nearly black (maximum entropy values). More accurate theoretical calculations can be made by means of a computer that enables the singling out a number of stationary states corresponding to certain entropy potential which then selectively interact with the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Computer models also give physicians a three dimensional projection of the internal organs. Colored marks placed upon the picture make it easier for the doctor to determine the site of a pathological process. It is possible to judge the process of the disintegration of these biological structures, and to make a prognosis, by comparing the range of colors of the marks and their arrangement on the computer model of the organ, using the dynamics of their change over a period of time.
In order to define pathology in an area it is necessary to research deeper levels of the organ produced on the screen by the computer until the pathology nidus is localized. It is the first time that advanced information technologies in the field of active homeostasis control are being introduced into the world market. The research workers at the Institute of Practical Psychophysics have made a breakthrough in the development of information preparations for the correction of the disturbed homeostasis balance within the body and the neutralization of environmental and infectious pathological agents. This is the most super active homeostasis control program in the world today.
The researchers at the Institute were the first to succeed in producing this most effective equipment that is capable of tuning to the frequency of the master pulses automatically without human intervention,as well as, detecting and correcting defects and pathologies in organs and body cells on its own. This is achieved through a combination of different specifically modulated magnetic oscillations recorded on a matrix. The fundamental concept in the development of this equipment was the hypothesis that the human body has an electromagnetic information framework that is able to respond to external radiation. The staff of the Institute of Practical Psychophysics managed to bring together different and separate trends of Valeology creating a quantum leap in working out a method of active homeostasis control. They then dealt with homeopathy and Chinese acupuncture with its further elaborations by Folle, Morell and Schimmel; the Indian Yaju-Veda and the charkas spin theory; phytotherapy and many other methods of healing.
Theoretical and experimental work that has made it possible to produce the "Metatron" system - a nonlinear quantum generator - which was initiated by Nikola Tesla, a man of genius in electronics at the end of the nineteenth century. Other scientists who are worth mentioning later carried on this work. J. Lakhovsky, an outstanding French researcher, studied the effects of radio frequencies on animal health and plant conditions. The American scientist of genius R. Rife conducted research not only on the effects of radio frequencies but also on the effects of electrical frequencies on the human bio-field. In 1950 in Germany R. Folle discovered and worked out a system of electrically testing the acupuncture points of the human body.
Unlike Folle's electro-puncture diagnosis method, in which the energy potentials of organs and systems are measured through biologically active points (BAP), which describes the bodies condition indirectly and often with a considerable error, the NLS method of analysis developed at the Institute of Practical Psychophysics makes an evaluation of the organ's condition directly due to the resonance amplification of the radiation signal of the organ under investigation using a non-invasive trigger sensor. Every organ and every cell has its own distinctive oscillations which are stored in the computer memory and can be displayed on screen as a graph, which represents the conditions of the information exchange between the organ (tissue) and the environment. Every pathological process also has its own distinctive graph stored in the computer memory with all the progressive stages shown with age, sex and other variations taken into account. After reading the frequency characteristics of the researched biological object, the system compares the degree of their spectral similarity with healthy, and pathologically affected tissue, or infection agents, to obtain the closest pathological process or tendency. In case of combined processes a virtual diagnostics mode can make a different diagnostics for each process.
Another wonderful opportunity offered by NLS-analysis is medicinal testing. The investigation system provides a unique opportunity of recording the frequency fluctuations of any preparation and adding them to the many thousands already held in the database. The system then searches for a remedy that has the closest spectral characteristic of the pathological process and selects the most efficient remedy. In the light of what has just been said,any disease can be represented as a disturbance of the harmonic synchronization in any biological object. The disturbance may be brought about by different causes that in turn can be regarded as disharmonic electromagnetic oscillations causing blocks(noise), which interferes with the normal functioning of the body. It is now possible to eliminate these disharmonic oscillations by applying the laws of physics. In this case the simplest way would be to use electromagnetic oscillations with the opposite sign in order that the algebraic sum of the disharmonic and inverted electromagnetic oscillations would become equal to zero.
Guided by these conclusions in the mid 70's, Dr. F. Morell together with another electronic engineer E. Rachet invented a method and a device called 'MoRa'. The method of information therapy (META- therapy) is a further advancement of the 'MoRa' method of solving the problem of restoring the body's normal functioning in the cases of acute or chronic diseases. META-therapy is a means of influencing the body through a combination of differently modulated electromagnetic oscillations emitted from the "Metatron" system.
The scientists at the Institute then became interested in the experiments of Prof. S. Smith of Manchester University who had proved that water could 'remember' the coherent frequencies of the radiation it was exposed in a variable magnetic field, and retain in it's structure the information about those frequencies for a certain period of time. It means that an effective correction of the disturbed balance within the body can be mended by means of information recorded on a matrix. Information preparations (metazodes) are specific combinations of coherent frequencies chosen by the computer and are used to provide ready-made dosage forms with a direct effect. They are produced by means of the apparatus that transfers the frequency (spectral) information taken from the pathology nidus into a matrix (water, alcohol, or lactose). The metazodes have the effect of awakening of the body's own hidden reserves, which accounts for the wide area of influence of the preparations and the absence of harmful side effects when prescribed with conventional remedies.
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T. Amano1 , M. Kobayashi2, B. Devaraj2, M. Usa2 and H. Inaba2, 3(1) Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 920 Kanazawa, Japan
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