Lesson 8

BIG BERTHA

01. Black Holes

A region of space time with gravitational effect so strong that nothing can escape it

Looks completely black cause it absorbs all light

They are effectively invisible but you can infer their presence from the distorted space around the object

No force can keep a dead star from collapsing under the influence of gravity

However, instead of collapsing forever on a single point, as the star collapses, it get closer to its event horizon

Time on the surface of the star slows down relative to observers

When the surface reaches the even horizon, time stops

02 Formation

Small stars less than (8 solar masses) turn into White Dwarves

Larger stars (8-30 solar masses) turn into Neutron Stars

The largest stars (30 solar masses and up) turn into Black Holes

03 Structure

04 Types of Black Holes

1. Stellar Black Holes

2. Intermediate Mass Black Holes

3. Supermassive Black Holes

Stellar Black Holes

Formed from the deaths of individual stars

Small compared to other black holes, But very dense

Consume surrounding dust, gas, and when they get big enough, other celestial bodies, in order to grow larger

Intermediate Mass Black Holes

Mass i too high to have formed due to the collapse of a single star

These are three theories as to how these could have formed:

1. Merging of multiple high-density celestial bodies

Mass was reached via the merging of multiple high density celestial objects, such as black holes and neutron stars

Explains why they have so much more mass than stellar black holes

1. Runaway collision of stars in dense stellar clusters

Mass was reached via he collision of several stars

This could have happened in a dense star cluster, where two stars collided and set of s chain reaction causing multiple stars to come together

1. They are the primordial blackholes jus formed after the big bang

Formed right after the big bang, when most of the universe was compact into a few cubic centimeters, making it easy for black holes to form

Due to high density of matter it would be easy black holes with a mass much higher than stellar black holes to form

Supermassive Black Holes

Black holes with a mass higher then 100,000 stellar masses

Exist at the centre of every large galaxy

Not exact cause for the formation of these objects has been determined

When these black holes feed, they are referred to quasars, and essentially become galaxy sized stars

05 Wormholes

things they can do better:

time management, we had to speedrun wormholes cause we didn't have the time to go through it properly

thing i enjoy:

the kahoot quiz, at least until i raged quit on it

how to i feel about the presentation:

it was better then others cause at first they gave more time for us to copy but then they ran out of time at the back