WIKI PHARMA-MNU - Carboplatin

Historical

Carboplatin (marketed under the brand name Paraplatin®) was originally manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb, an American pharmaceutical company founded in 1858 by Edward Robinson Squibb. Today, however, several companies (like Hospira and Teva Pharmaceuticals) manufacture generic carboplatin. Originally, the medication was first developed and patented in the 1970s and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986. The drug has similar properties to standard chemotherapy drug cisplatin and serves as an alternative option to it. Carboplatin treats multiple forms of cancer.

Brand name

Sold under the brand name

(paraplatin)among others chemotherapy medication that is used to treat several forms

Forms of cancer.

Uses

Used alone or in combination with other medications to treat cancer of the Ovaries (cancer that begins in the female reproductive organs where eggs are Formed) that has spread to other parts of the body, not improved, or that has worsened after treatment with other medications or radiation therapy

Carboplatin can be used to treat people who have: Secondary (metastatic) Breast cancer – breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Locally advanced breast cancer – breast cancer that has spread to the tissues And lymph nodes (glands) around the chest, neck, and under the breastbone

Side effect

Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea, Mouth ulcers and loss of appetite, Bone marrow suppression leading to anemia, low platelet counts leading to bleeding tendencies and low white blood cell counts leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Kidney and liver function may be affected. Hearing loss may be seen, especially in children receiving carboplatin. There may be short-term vision loss. Improvement and/or total recovery of vision usually occurs within weeks after the drug is discontinued. Hearing loss, especially in children receiving the therapy.Hair loss (this is usually regained after completion of therapy). Rarely, allergic reactions occur such as skin rashes, itching, fever, and shivering. If any of these symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Mechanism of action

Carboplatin undergoes activation inside cells and forms reactive platinum complexes that cause the intra- and inter-strand cross-linkage of DNA molecules within the cell. This modifies the DNA structure and inhibits DNA synthesis. This may affect a cell in all the phases of its cycle.

Carboplatin predominantly acts by attaching alkyl groups to the nucleotides, leading to the formation of monoadducts, and DNA fragmenting when repair enzymes attempt to correct the error. 2% of carboplatin's activity comes from DNA cross-linking from a base on one strand to a base on another, preventing DNA strands from separating for synthesis or transcription.Finally, carboplatin can induce a number of different mutations.

Monograph

4_5929156198409442979.pdf