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Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibioticantibioticss commonly used to treat bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication, thereby stopping the growth of bacteria. They're effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those causing respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections. However, they can have side effects, including tendonitis, tendon rupture, and nerve damage. It's essential to use them judiciously and under medical supervision.
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Several drugs contain fluoroquinolones:-
1. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
2. Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
3. Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
4. Ofloxacin (Floxin)
5. Gemifloxacin (Factive)
6. Delafloxacin (Baxdela)
Uses:-
These drugs are used to treat various bacterial infections, but it's essential to use them judiciously and under medical supervision due to their potential side effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Mechanism of action
Fluoroquinolones exert their antibacterial effects by inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes.
These enzymes are essential for the replication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting these enzymes, fluoroquinolones prevent bacterial DNA from unwinding and replicating properly, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
This mechanism of action makes them effective against a wide range of bacterial infections.
What is the pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones?!
Fluoroquinolones are highly effective antibiotics with many advantageous pharmacokinetic properties including high oral bioavailability, large volume of distribution, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. With widespread use, antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolones has grown.
What is the pharmacodynamic of antibiotics?!
As far as antibiotics are concerned, the pharmacology is separated into two distinct components, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics describes absorption, distribution and elimination of the drug and the pharmacodynamics describes the relationship between concentration and the antimicrobial effect.
How many times a day should you take fluoroquinolones?!
All quinolones can be used to treat some chest, eye and genital infections. Levofloxacin and ofloxacin are usually taken 1 or 2 times a day. Moxifloxacin is only taken once a day..
Side effects
Fluoroquinolones can have various side effects, including:
1. Tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in the Achilles tendon.
2. Nerve damage, leading to symptoms like tingling, numbness, or weakness.
3. Joint pain and swelling.
4. Central nervous system effects such as dizziness, confusion, and hallucinations.
5. Gastrointestinal issues like nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
6. Skin reactions like rash or photosensitivity.
7. Rarely, serious allergic reactions or liver damage.
Routes of administration
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. These medications can be administered both orally or intravenously, while ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are also available in otic formulations, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin.
1- Ciprofloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. Ciprofloxacin oral liquid and tablets are also used to treat anthrax infection after inhalational exposure. This medicine is also used to treat and prevent plague (including pneumonic and septicemic plague). Ciprofloxacin may mask or delay the symptoms of syphilis. It is not effective against syphilis infections.
2- Levofloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It is also used to treat anthrax infection after inhalational exposure. Levofloxacin is also used to treat and prevent plague (including pneumonic and septicemic plague).
3- Moxifloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It is also used to treat and prevent plague (including pneumonic and septicemic plague). Moxifloxacin belongs to the class of medicines known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth
Dose:-
Dosing (Adults): 400 mg orally or IV q24h. Acute bacterial sinusitis: Oral, I.V.: 400 mg every 24 hours for 10 days. Chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbation: Oral, I.V.: 400 mg every 24 hours for 5 days. Note: Avelox® ABC Pack (Avelox® Bronchitis Course) contains five tablets of 400 mg each.
Contraindications
Contraindications to Fluoroquinolones
aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections in immunocompromised patients, life-threatening multiresistant bacterial infections in neonates and infants, and Salmonella or Shigella gastrointegastrointestinalstinal tract infections.
MONOGRAPHS.
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