Information Architecture

2020/10/18
2021/08/31 (更新連結)
2022/03/20 (新增投影片)
2024/02/27 (新增連結)
2024/05/12 (更新投影片)

簡介

Rosenfeld, Morville & Arango (2015)認為資訊架構要解決兩個問題:1.資訊超載，2.更多存取資料的方式、管道、工具。資訊架構有三大要素:使用者、內容、脈絡。資訊架構有兩大目標:好尋找、好理解。資訊架構有四大體系:組織體系、命名(labeling)體系、導覽體系、搜尋體系。實作時有三個階段:研究、策略、設計。

• What is Information Architecture? 

  • An Excellent Beginner's Guide To Information Architecture

    • A Beginner’s Guide To Information Architecture (8:43)

  • What Is Information Architecture (IA)? (5:08)

  • Do we still need Information Architecture (IA) when users can just search? (Kathryn Whitenton) (1:40)

  • 【MIX2018】Falling In and Out and In Love with Information Architecture（Louis Rosenfeld） (1:01:39)

  • Understanding Information Architecture 

• Rethinking a website’s information architecture **

• Information Architecture Design Step-by-Step **

  • Define Goals and Objectives

  • Conduct User Research

  • Content Inventory and Audit

  • Categorization

  • Create the Information Structure

  • Labeling and taxonomy

  • Wireframing and prototyping

  • Usability Testing

  • Implementation

  • Evaluation and Maintenance 

• User Stories & Types of Information Architecture. 

  • Types of IA include:

    • Categories: 根據內容的分類

    • Tasks: 根據使用者的目標

    • Search: 提供搜尋

    • Time: 以時間來作為分類的依據，如:最新消息

    • People: 以人來作為分類的依據，例如facebook的資料就是以人為單位，再根據資料的分類進行下一個層次的分類

• An Excellent Beginner's Guide To Information Architecture / What Is Information Architecture (IA)? (5:08)

  • What Is Information Architecture?

  • 8 Principles Of Information Architecture

    • Eight Principles of Information Architecture (by Dan Brown)

  • What’s The Value Of Information Architecture?

  • What Are The Key Processes For Information Architecture?

  • How To Define The Information Architecture Of Your Site

    • Group and label the content

    • Define navigation and create site map

    • User testing

  • What Tools Do Information Architects Use?

  • Further Reading And Resources

• Beginner’s Guide To Information Architecture In UX Design 

• A Beginner’s Guide to Information Architecture for UX Designers (2017)

  • What is Information Architecture?

  • The value of Information Architecture

  • Common methodologies

    • Library science

    • Cognitive psychology

      • Gestalt principles

      • Mental models

      • Cognitive load

      • Recognition patterns

      • Visual Hierarchy

  • The eight principles of Information Architecture

  • The role of Information Architecture in design

  • What information architects do

    • Research

    • Content inventory and audit

    • Creating hierarchy and navigation

    • Labeling

    • Wireframing

    • Taxonomies

    • Data modeling

  • What’s the difference between IA and UX?

• THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE 

  • Principles of Information Architecture

  • How users find content

  • Models for content organization

  • Organizational and labelling conventions

• Information architecture: a UX designer’s guide 

  • Eight principles of information architecture

    • The principle of objects

    • The principle of choices

    • The principle of disclosure

    • The principle of exemplars

    • The principle of front doors

    • The principle of multiple classification

    • The principle of focused navigation

    • The principle of growth

• Information Architecture- A Useful Concept or An Overhyped Buzzword? (2019)

  • • So What’s The Value Offered By Information Architecture?

    • So How To Build A Seamless Information Architecture?

      • Library Method

      • Cognitive Method

        • Gestalt Method

        • Mental Method

        • Cognitive Load Method

    • Let’s go through the seven IA principles that form the building blocks of a good UX design:

      • Object Principle

      • Choice Principle

      • Disclosure Principle

      • Example Principle

      • Side Door Principle

      • Multiple Classification Principle

      • Growth Principle

    • So What’s Your Role As An Information Architect?

      • Research

      • Hierarchy

      • Navigation

      • Labeling

      • Taxonomies

• Structuralism and a Pattern Language for Online Environments: Structural language for Information Architecture

  • Current Frameworks of Information Architecture

    • Big IA

      • Big IA is a process oriented approach. Big IA architects focus on the design of information systems as an iterative process where the architect interviews, builds, tests, and iterates on their designs with constant input from users.

    • Little IA

      • Little IA provides the structural approach to information architecture that Big IA lacks. But Little IA has only defined structures that relate to navigation, search, and way-finding. This gap make sense when understanding the development and positioning of the field. Little IA emerged from library science, and librarians are largely concerned with the organization of books and records to help people find them.

  • Development of a new language for Information Architecture

    • Modularization: Christopher Alexander

    • Functionalism: Wurman

  • A Unified Language for the Design of Information Systems

• We need to stop fixating on designing “seamless” experiences : Designing the seams of information architecture.

  • Common types of conceptual seams

    • Modals

    • Steppers and progress indicators

    • View modeling

    • Transitory screens & animations

• The UX process to redesigning a website’s information architecture  **

  • The 4 pillars of IA

    • Navigation

    • Groups & Labels

    • Hierarchy

    • Content

• Information architecture for UX Designers 

Progressive Disclosure

• Designing for information density : Balancing visual and structural simplicity

  • Progressive Disclosure

    • Progressive disclosure: A framework to approach clarity in a complex task : A technique to improve comprehensibility by reducing information density.

      • Principles of progressive disclosure

        • Establish the primary purpose

        • “Bite-size” information

        • Complete information within a context

Information Scent

• Information Scent: How Users Decide Where to Go Next

  •  The information scent of a source of information (such as a webpage) relative to an information need represents the user’s imperfect estimate of the value that the source will deliver to the user, derived from a representation of the source.

    • actual source, remote representation,  true value, estimated value

  • What Makes Up Information Scent

    • what the user sees

      • The Link Label

      • Content that Accompanies the Link

      • Context in Which the Link Appears

    • what the user already knows about the source

      • Familiarity with the brand and trust in it

      • Familiarity with the domain

  • Social Foraging: Word of Mouth and Recommendations from Others

• Informavores: UX/Information Architecture

  • Information Theory

  • How do we improve our information systems?…Improve Information Scent.

    • Information Scent Principles

      • Information Diet

      • Information Cue

      • Information Patches

        • Design principle: Organizing information

          • 5 ways of organizing information

            • Location

            • Alphabet

            • Time

            • Category

            • Hierarchy or Continuum

      • Information Value

  • Information Scent Tips:

    • NOT ALL USERS ARRIVE AT THE HOMEPAGE

    • USER SEARCH FOR OBVIOUS CUES

    • USERS ABANDON UNCLEAR TASKS

    • ILLUMINATE THE PATH VIA STRONG CUES

    • TIME ON TASK REQUIRES A STRONGER CUES

    • CONSIDER THE PAYOFF FOR TIME SPENT

    • USERS NEED INSTANT GRATIFICATION

    • KEEP THE USER ON THE PATH

    • EVALUATE THE NUMBER OF STEPS

• Designing effective search experiences : Using information scent to support user journeys

  • Campaign landing pages

  • SEO and search

  • Information architecture

  • Choice architecture

  • Data-driven experiences

Process

• An Excellent Beginner's Guide To Information Architecture

  • What Are The Key Processes For Information Architecture?

    • Define the company goals

    • Define the user’s goals

    • Analyze competitors

    • Define content

  • How To Design The Information Architecture Of Your Site

    • Group and label the content

    • Define navigation and create site map

    • User testing

• How to Create Information Architecture for Web Design ** 很棒的文章

  • Conduct customer research

  • Update and review the content

  • Apply card sorting for content classification

  • Build a website hierarchy for user-friendly navigation

  • Create a UI prototype for future development

• UX Case Study: Process of Information Architecture

  • Card sorting

  • Sitemaps

  • User Flow

  • Competitive / Comparative Analysis

  • Heuristic Evaluation

Card Sorting

• Card Sorting: How to Best Organize Product Offerings (1:58) NN group

• How to Avoid Bias in Card Sorting (2:50) NN group

• Open vs. Closed Card Sorting (2:35) NN group

• What's Card Sorting in User Experience Research? (4:25)

• How to Interpret Dendrograms from Card Sorting to Improve Information Architecture (3:49)

• Want to build a great site map? Look outside your team. 

• How to test for navigation flaws if you have limited UX resources : How to adapt user testing to serve as a limited card sort

Tree Testing

• Tree Testing to Evaluate Information Architecture Categories (3:05) NN group

Principles

• Eight Principles of Information Architecture (by Dan Brown)

  • Principle of objects

    • Treat content as a living, breathing thing with a lifecycle, behaviors and attributes.

  • Principle of choices

    • Create pages that offer meaningful choices to users, keeping the range of choices available focused on a particular task.

  • Principle of disclosure

    • Show only enough information to help people understand what kinds of information they’ll find as they dig deeper.

  • Principle of exemplars

    • Describe the contents of categories by showing examples of the contents.

  • Principle of front doors

    • Assume at least half of the website’s visitors will come through some page other than the home page.

  • Principle of multiple classification

    • Offer users several different classification schemes to browse the site’s content.

  • Principle of focused navigation

    • The principle of focused navigation – Don’t mix apples and oranges in your navigation scheme.

  • Principle of growth

    • Assume the content you have today is a small fraction of the content you will have tomorrow.

• The 8 Principles of Information Architecture to Create a Great User Experience (實例說明)

• How to Create Information Architecture for Web Design

  • The eight principles of Information Architecture

    • Principle of objects — a content is a living thing with its lifecycle, behaviors, and attributes.

    • Principle of choices — the pages of a product should offer a number of meaningful choices to users.

    • Principle of disclosure — the users mustn’t be overloaded with information; show only enough information to help them understand what kinds of information they’ll find as they dig deeper.

    • Principle of exemplars — the best way to describe the content categories is to show examples of the contents.

    • Principle of front doors — assume at least half of the website’s visitors will come through some page other than the home page.

    • Principle of multiple classification — offer users several different classification schemes to browse the site’s content.

    • Principle of focused navigation — don’t mix different categories in your navigation scheme.

    • Principle of growth — assume the content you have today is a small fraction of the content you will have tomorrow.

• Information Architecture- A Useful Concept or An Overhyped Buzzword?

  • Let’s go through the seven IA principles that form the building blocks of a good UX design:

    • Object Principle

    • Choice Principle

    • Disclosure Principle

    • Example Principle

    • Side Door Principle

    • Multiple Classification Principle

    • Growth Principle

參考資料

• Rosenfeld, Morville & Arango (2015) Information Architecture: For the Web and Beyond 4th Ed. O'Reilly (蔡明哲、陳書儀 譯 資訊架構學 網站、App與資訊空間 碁峯出版)

  • Falling in and out and in love with Information Architecture 

• 【MIX2018】Falling In and Out and In Love with Information Architecture（Louis Rosenfeld） (1:01:39)

  • [MIX2018] 淺談資訊架構，以及如何運用在生活或職場中 

  • MIX 2018 [DAY1-1] – 序+資訊架構學作者分享 

• 淺談資訊架構學 

• 資訊架構入門

  • #1：學習UX設計師的思考方式 / #1 

  • #2：事前準備、資訊流、以及內容提供者的分析 / #2

  • #3：如何評估資訊架構的影響力、維護成本、可用性？ / #3

  • #4：架構過程的五個思考步驟 / #4