The Design of Everyday Things / 設計的心理學

2020/12/05
2022/05/14 (增加投影片)

這是Donald Norman寫的一本暢銷書，1988年第一版的名稱是The Psychology of Everyday Things，2013年出了最新的版本，書名是The Design of Everyday Things: revised and expanded edition。所以，網路上對他的說法有些出入，是因為引用不同版本。

書裡面提到了幾個重要概念: Gulfs of Evaluation and Execution以及好設計的主要元素，如:Affordance。

• The Design of Everyday Things (5:30) **

  • 這影片將這本書的內容整理成:

    • How do products interact with users

      • Affordance

      • Signifier

      • Constraints

      • Mappings

      • Feedback

      • Conceptual model

    • How do people do things (Gulfs of Evaluation and Execution)

    • Design thinking

      • Double Diamond model

      • Observation -> Idea generation -> Prototyping -> Testing (cycle)

    • Design and business

      • Price, quality, feature, speed, market acceptance

• 【觀後筆記】The Design of Everyday Things 設計的心理學 **

  • 優良設計的元素

    • 容易發現與容易理解

  • 互動的基本原則

    • 預設用途 (affordances)、指意 (signifiers)、使用侷限 (constraints)、對應性 (mapping)、回饋 (feedback)、概念模型 (conceptual model)。

  • 人類的認知與情感

    • 分為三個層次：本能、行為和反思。

  • 腦中的知識與外界的知識

  • 使用侷限

    • 物理性的侷限

    • 文化的侷限

    • 意義(semantic)的侷限

    • 邏輯的侷限

  • 如何減少過失

    • 用侷限防止錯誤

    • 還原

    • 確認訊息和錯誤訊息

    • 合理性檢查

• Don Norman: The Design of Everyday Things (2:13) (2016)

  • 為什麼寫這本書

• Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (Udacity) (2015)

  • Welcome to the Course - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (1:07) Udacity 課程介紹

    • Throw the box - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (2:09) Udacity

      • Affordance, conceptual models, signifier

  • Lesson 1: Affordance & Signifier

  • Lesson 2: Conceptual Models and System Image

  • Lesson 3: Gulfs of Evaluation and Execution

  • Lesson 4: Design the User Interface for a Timebank

    • Design Principles - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:41) Udacity

• UX psychology principles: seven important questions (based on Don Norman) (part 1)

• UX psychology principles: seven fundamental design principles (based on Don Norman) (part 2)

• Don Norman’s design principles in practice and beyond (part 3)

  • 七個問題與七個設計原則的應用

• 7 Principles from “The Design of Everyday Things”

Gulfs of Evaluation and Execution

• Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (Udacity) (2015)

  • Lesson 3: Gulfs of Evaluation and Execution

    • Lesson 3 Intro - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:42) Udacity

    • Crossing the Gulfs - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (1:17) Udacity

    • Definition: The Gulfs - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (1:15) Udacity

    • Seven Questions to Cross the Gulfs - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (1:17) Udacity

    • Seven Questions to Cross the Gulfs - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:30) Udacity

• UX psychology principles: seven important questions (based on Don Norman) (part 1)

  • The gulfs of execution and evaluation

    • The gulf of execution

      • How do I work this?

      • What can I do?

    • The gulf of evaluation

      • Is this what I want?

      • What happened?

  • The seven stages of action

    • Goal

    • The gulf of execution

      • Plan

      • Specify

      • Perform

    • The gulf of evaluation

      • Perceive

      • Interpret

      • Compare

  • Seven Questions:

    • The goal: what do I want to accomplish and why?

    • Plan: how can I do it?

    • Specify: what options do I have?

    • Perform: what can I do now?

    • Perceive: what just happened?

    • Interpret: what does it mean?

    • Compare: is this okay? Have I accomplished my goal?

  • Three levels of processing

    • Visceral — the subconscious reaction to aesthetics

    • Behavioural — the subconscious usability of something

    • Reflective — the conscious rationalisation and intellectualisation

  • The three ways that good design makes you happy | Don Norman (12:41) TED

    • Visceral

    • Behavioural

    • Reflective

• 7 Stages of User’s Action in Design: Or why do we need to know about the human mind when designing products?

  • Goal

  • Planning (the action)

  • Specify (an action sequence)

  • Perform (the action sequence)

  • Perceiving what happened

  • Interpreting what happened

  • Compare the outcome with the goal

Design principles

• UX psychology principles: seven fundamental design principles (based on Don Norman) (part 2)

  • Discoverability (Don Norman認為以下的六項會影響Discoverability，所以，會有人只列出以下六項)

  • Feedback

  • Conceptual model

    • Introduction to Conceptual Models - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (2:52) Udacity

    • Definition: Conceptual Model - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:49) Udacity

    • System Image - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:38) Udacity

  • Affordance

    • 原始的名詞來自於 James J. Gibson ，不過，Don Norman有不同的定義

      • The Theory of Affordances

      • Affordances by Interaction Design Foundation

    • Definition: Affordance - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:36) Udacity

    • Affordances and signifiers **

      • How to get it right

        • Get the affordance right

        • Make a conscious, logical decision on signifiers

  • Signifiers

    • Definition: Signifier - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things (0:30) Udacity

  • Mapping

  • Constraints

• Concept of Donald Norman’s “Usability Design principles”. (4:59)

  • Visibility

  • Feedback

  • Affordance

  • Mapping

  • Constraints

  • Consistency

• The concept of Donald Norman’s “Usability Design principles”. (2:57)

• The 6 design principles of Don Norman: Don Norman’s background is in industrial design, however, his design principles are hugely important for any UX designer or Product designer: visibility, feedback, constraints, mapping, consistency, and affordances.

• UX 101: Norman Doors

  • Norman highlights two important parts to a people experience of mostly anything:

    • Discoverability

    • Feedback

其他

• Design for How People Think (Don Norman) (3:12)

• Are You a Cognitive Designer? (Don Norman) (1:38)

• Principles of Human-Centered Design (Don Norman) (2:55)

  • human centered (focus on the people)

  • find the right problem (fundamental basic problem)

  • think of everything as a system (optimisation of the local does not necessarily translate to optimisation of the global)

• Observe, Test, Iterate, and Learn (Don Norman) (4:03)

• Focus on Results, Not on Perfect UX (Don Norman) (1:33)

• Exciting Times Ahead for UX (Don Norman) (2:44)

• Human Technology Teamwork: The Role of Machines and Humans in Good UX Design (Don Norman) (2:28)

• Don't Drop The Patient! Examine the Entire System (Don Norman) (5:25)

• 21st Century Design (Don Norman) (6:00)

• 設計民主化 (Don Norman) (2:29)