Usability

2022/03/10 (新增投影片)
2020/05/09 (更新投影片)
2023/05/04 (更新投影片)
2024/04/28 (更新投影片)

簡介

一般而言，一個好的系統能達到兩個重要的目的，第一個是滿足使用者的需求或解決使用者的問題 (效用，Utility)，第二個是系統的可用性(Usability)。為何會提出這兩個目的，其實資訊系統開發時，常常只在乎滿足需求，忘了可用性，有時候是太在乎可用性，卻忘了是否真的滿足需求。

容易使用是易用性其中一個因素，容易使用又分為容易學會使用(Learnability/Ease of learning)、使用時很有效率(Efficiency)、隔一段時間之後還知道怎麼使用(Memorability)。常常會把可用性認為就是易用性，可用性其實不完全等於容易使用，除了容易使用之外，要能避免錯誤(Error Tolerance)。

最終的目的是能讓使用者正確的達到想要的結果 (Effectiveness)，也因此讓使用者滿意 (Satisfaction)或投入感 (Engagingness)，而這兩個部份就與效用相關。

• Usefulness, Utility, Usability: 3 Goals of UX Design (Jakob Nielsen) (2:11)

  • Usefulness = utility + usability

• Discount Usability 30 Years (3:16) NN group **

  • Simple user testing (5 users)

  • Simple prototypes = early testing

  • Heuristic evaluation

• Usability 101: Introduction to Usability (NN group)

  • What — Definition of Usability

    • Learnability

    • Efficiency

    • Memorability

    • Errors

    • Satisfaction

  • Why Usability Is Important

  • How to Improve Usability

  • When to Work on Usability

  • Where to Test

• An Introduction to Usability

  • The 5 Characteristics of Usable Products

    • Effectiveness

    • Efficiency

    • Engagingness

    • Error Tolerance

    • Ease of Learning

  • Utility + Usability = Usefulness

• Designing for interusability: A framework for evaluating & improving the end-to-end UX of your product platform.

  • Continuity

  • Composition

  • Consistency

• Easy UX does not mean good UX 

  • As these examples illustrate, making things a bit harder for users is not always a bad thing. When implemented correctly, a slightly longer or more complex flow, additional password prompt, or an extra confirmation button, helps ensure that users fully understand what they are doing, which in turn prevents accidental actions or errors.

• How to create meaningful progress with design? : It takes hard work to find the balance between values and aims.

  • Interruption can take many forms:

    • Complexity: when the user is unable to complete their objective.

    • Clarity: when the user is not sure what will happen next after taking a certain action.

    • Discovery: when the user has no idea where to navigate further.

Usability Testing

• Usability Testing 101 (NN group)

  • Why Usability Test?

  • Elements of Usability Testing

  • Types of Usability Testing

    • Qualitative vs. Quantitative

    • Remote vs. In-Person Testing

  • Cost of Usability Testing

• Formative vs. Summative Evaluations NN grpup

  • Formative vs. Summative Usability Evaluation (3:11) NN group

• Analytics vs. Quantitative Usability Testing (2:02) NN group

• 1st Pillar of Usability Testing: Typical Users (video 1 of 3) (2:15)

• 2nd Pillar of Usability Testing: Appropriate Tasks (video 2 of 3) (3:35)

• 3rd Pillar of Usability Testing: Skilled Facilitator (video 3 of 3) (3:04)

  • Three human errors to avoid when moderating usability testing 

    • Spending too much time on details and not focusing on the big picture delivery

    • Telling participants what to do

    • Pretending to gain statistical significance

• Usability testing: the everlasting debate

• How to build a usability lab anytime, anywhere

  • Interface

  • Interaction

  • Expressions

• Stop (or traffic) light usability testing reports

• The ultimate Notion template to run efficient usability tests

• Assessing usability with Cognitive Walkthrough

• Doing Usability Testing with Children

• A product manager’s rule book for usability testing 

• What if the CEO wants to participate in usability testing? 

5 second usability test

• 5-Second Usability Test (2:30) NN group

  • What a 5-second usability test can reveal about your site

Usability testing with 5 users

• Usability Testing w. 5 Users: Design Process (video 1 of 3) (3:36)

• Usability Testing w. 5 Users: ROI Criteria (video 2 of 3) (3:17)

• Usability Testing w. 5 Users: Information Foraging (video 3 of 3) (3:09)

Usability Heuristics / Heuristic Evaluation on Usability

• Learn How to Improve UX with Nielsen's 10 Usability Heuristics (26:01) **

  • 以常用網站或服務為例，如:Amazon

• 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design (NN group) ** by Jakob Nielsen

  • Heuristic Evaluation of User Interfaces (3:13) by Jakob Nielsen (NN group)

  • Visibility of system status

    • Usability Heuristic 1: Visibility of System Status (2:36)

  • Match between system and the real world

    • Usability Heuristic 2: Match Between the System and the Real World (3:08)

  • User control and freedom

    • Usability Heuristic 3: User Control & Freedom (2:15)

  • Consistency and standards

    • Usability Heuristic 4: Consistency and Standards (2:37)

  • Error prevention

    • Usability Heuristic 5: Error Prevention (2:52)

  • Recognition rather than recall

    • Usability Heuristic 6: Recognition vs. Recall in User Interfaces (2:48)

  • Flexibility and efficiency of use

    • Usability Heuristic 7: Flexibility and Efficiency of Use (2:54)

  • Aesthetic and minimalist design

    • Usability Heuristic 8: Aesthetic and Minimalist Design (1:57)

    • Reconsidering The Effect Of Aesthetics On Usability

  • Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors

    • Usability Heuristic 9: Help Users Recognize, Diagnose and Recover from Errors (2:19)

  • Help and documentation

    • Usability Heuristic 10: Help & Documentation (2:46)

• 10 Usability Heuristics Every Designer Should Know 

• 10 Rules of Thumb for UI/UX Design 

• Heuristic Psychology in UX Design : Heuristic Analysis

• 4 Rules for Intuitive UX

  • Obey the Law of Locality

    • All else being equal, you should put the elements in your interface near where they affect change.

  • ABD: Anything But Dropdowns

    • One non-obvious lesson of UX design is that dropdowns are pretty much the worst control.

  • Pass the Squint Test

  • Teach by example

    • We have a weird tendency to try and explain things in words when examples would be much clearer.

Case study

Usability

• Usability case study: Skyscanner

• The usability issue that caused 1 death and 38 injuries 

• A Reflection on Icon Usability

Heuristic Evaluation

• One cheap & fast way to evaluate your designs: Critiquing three of eBay’s main features using Heuristic Evaluation

  • Understanding

    • Match between system and the real world

    • Consistency and standards

    • Aesthetic and minimalist design

  • Action

    • User control and freedom

    • Recognition rather than recall

    • Flexibility and efficiency of use

  • Feedback

    • Visibility of system status

    • Error prevention

    • Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors

    • Help and documentation

• Hulu Heuristic Evaluation