We advise you to go through respective blocks of BBCCT-109 before you come to attend the practical sessions. This will enable you to easily understand the purpose of doing experiments and their applications. You should also read the principle of each experiment of this course along with procedure before you start performing the experiment. It is always good to prepare all the reagents freshly and store them under appropriate storage conditions. Adhere to all the safety measures and follow the safety instructions while handling the reagents. One of the good laboratory practices is to maintain your log books up-to-date i.e., enter the observations made while performing the experiments. Carry this laboratory manual and your log book during lab sessions.

Like all other IGNOU laboratory courses, this is an intensive residential exercise requiring one week for completing 2 credits. Everyday there will be two laboratory sessions of 4 hours each. So there will be a total of 14 sessions. The first session will be introductory and the remaining 2^nd to 12^th sessions will be based on the exercises given in the course.

A schedule for laboratory exercises will be given to you in the first session. Sessions 1 to 12 will have guided exercises under the supervision of the academic counsellor. The last two sessions i.e., 13^th and 14^th will be unguided sessions and that would pertain to evaluation for the term end examination. In each session you will perform exercises for 3 hours and in the remaining 1 hour you are advised to complete your practical note book. The laboratory notebook must be submitted to the counsellor for corrections and grading. 70% marks have been assigned for doing the experiments and recording them properly.

Performance during the practical sessions will be graded and you will have to appear for the viva-voce at the end of the practical session. At the end of the laboratory session you would be asked to perform the assigned experiment, which will be graded. Final assessment will be made based on the continuous performance during the laboratory sessions, maintenance of log books and records followed by viva-voce. 30% marks are reserved for the assigned experiments.

For the better understanding of how to use laboratory apparatus or perform experiments, few video links may be provided where ever available. There might be a slight difference in the steps or procedure being explained in the video when compared to the procedure provided in this self-instructional material. However, the principles and reagents remain same. Hence, there is no need to worry about slight modifications adopted in the procedure.