Dr. Alfred R. Hellman (born 1931)
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1986 - A Dr. Alfred Hellman in Washington DC ?
https://www.newspapers.com/image/406490561/?terms=%22alfred%20hellman%22&match=1
1950
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1955 (Sep 18)
1955-09-18-the-akron-beacon-journal-pg-8c
1955-09-18-the-akron-beacon-journal-pg-8c-clip-wedding-hellman
Name : Lt Alfred Hellman
Gender : Male
Employer : Air Force
School : University of Maryland
Marriage Date : Abt 1955
Father : Friedrich Hellman
1956 (Jan) -
Name : Alfred Hellman
Gender : Male
Marriage Date : 29 Jan 1956
Marriage Place : Harris, Texas, USA
Spouse : Kiki Bambarkidis
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1968 - Research assistance
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/61/1/200.full.pdf
"We are pleased to acknowledge the kind assistance of Dr. Alfred Hellman, who tested our tissue cultures for bacterial and PPLO contamination, and Mrs. Joan Reel, who aided in the routine farming of the cultures. Special thanks are also due to Mr. Joseph Kendrick and Mr. Larry Roberson for their helpful assistance in certain phases of these experiments, and to Dr. Carl Wust for his aid in the preparation of antiserum. The cell lines used in this study were made available to us through the courtesy of Drs. Paul Morse and Van R. Potter (H35) and Drs. E. Brad Thompson and Gordon M. Tomkins (HTC)."
SUPERINDUCTION" OF TYROSINE TRANSAMINASE IN HEPATOMA CELL CULTURES: DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS AND TURNOVER BY ACTINOMYCIN D* BY JERRY R. REELt AND FRANCIS T. KENNEY NCI-AEC CARCINOGENESIS PROGRAM, BIOLOGY DIVISION, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE Communicated by William A. Arnold, July 12, 1968 Continuous breakdown and replenishment of the macromolecular constituents of animal cells was recognized some time ago in the pioneering experiments of Schoenheimer and his colleagues,1 but the significance of degradative processes in regulation of metabolism has become apparent only recently. Schimke, Sweeney, and Berlin have demonstrated' that the physiological level of the enzyme tryptophan pyrrolase can be elevated either by stimulation of its synthesis or by inhibition of its degradation, the former process being initiated by glucocorticoid hormones and the latter by the substrate of the enzyme, tryptophan. In a recent report3 from our laboratory, it was shown that degradation of the tyrosine transaminase of liver was blocked when protein synthesis was inhibited by agents such as cycloheximide or puromycin; under these conditions, the transaminase level was stabilized by concomitant inhibition of both synthesis and degradation of the enzyme. At that time it was suggested3 that certain "paradoxical" effects of inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis on enzyme levels might result from differential inhibition of the cellular processes involved in forming an enzyme and of those required for its removal. In the present study, we have analyzed the roles of synthesis and degradation in the elevation of tyrosine transaminase, which follows the addition of actinomycin D to hormonally induced cell cultures. We find that transaminase synthesis, initially high due to induction by hydrocortisone, is progressively inhibited by the antibiotic. That the transaminase level rises during this interval, despite inhibition of its synthesis, reflects a marked inhibition of degradation of the enzyme.
1965 ?
paged 164 / 165
OHIOS TATEU NIVERSITRYE SEARCFHO UNDATI{ONNO l-CPS-3571)
Title: Imllllnobiologic Response of the Cat to Feline Oncornavirus
Contractor's Project Director: Or. Richard G. Olsen
Project Officer {NCI): Or. Alfred Hellman
Objectives: Studies concentrated on development of a regimen for inducing
iffilllln;ty to feline oncornavirus and virus-specified tumor antigens. Specific
objectives are: (1) To solubilize and characterize the feline oncornavirusassociated
cell membranea ntigen {FOCMA()2; ) to prepare purified feline leukemia
virus {FeLV) envelope glycoproteins {gp 69/71); (3) to evaluate the vaccine
potential of FOCMaAnd FeLVg p 69/71 for the prevention of viremia and tumorigenesis
in specific pathogen free cats; (4) to evaluate the lymphocyte blast
transformation responses to defined FOCMaAnd FeLVg p 69/71 antigens in vaccinated
cats and cats infected with virulent feline oncornaviruses; (5) to
determine whether a chemical carcinogen, methylnitrosourea, alters the agerelated
susceptibility of cats to feline oncornavirus disease; (6) to determine
whether ch~mical carcinogens alter the iml1llnobiologic responses of cats to
feline oncornaviruses; (7) to investigate further the relationship of age,
virus strain, route of infection, and other ilTllll.lnologiocr cocarcinogenic
factors which influence the susceptibility of cats to feline oncornaviruses;
(8) to evaluate the mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell assay using sensitized feline
peripheral blood lymphocytes and inactivated lymphoblastoid cells to detect
tumor-associated antigen blast transformation.
Major Findings: During the past year a feline oncornavirus vaccine was
developed and evaluated. Immunization of kittens with virus-inactivated
(FOCMcAo ntaining) FL 74 feline lymphoblastoid cells induced specific
FOCMaAn tibody. These cats were resistant to malignant tumor development
after challenge with oncogenic doses of feline oncornavirus. FOCMA
vaccine, however, did not prevent FeLV viremia.
In studies to prevent FeLV viremia and malignant tumor growth, kittens were
actively i111111Jniwzeitdh a combinedv accine co111>oseodf UV-inactiviated Fel.V
and killed FL-74 cells. After oncogenic challenge, kittens that had been
given a combinedF el.V/FL-74v accine developed lower FOCMaAn tibody titers
than kittens irmunized with FL-74 alone. In additon, kittens given the
combinedF eLV/FL-74v accine appeared to demonstrate tumor enhancementa fter
challenge with oncogenic virus. Inactivated Fel.V also failed to induce
protective i111111Jniint yk ittens suckling on dams that had been given nultiple
imnunizations during gestation.
Since killed virus appeared to cause imrunosuppression in young kittens,
studies were initiated to evaluate the influence on feline T-lymphocyte
function of killed FeLV and FeLV subviral components, pl5, p27, and gp69/71.
Killed FeLV and FeLV pl5 inhibited blast transformation responses of cat
lymphocytes to con A, but FeLV p27, FeLV gp69/71 and RD-114 virus did not.
FOCMaAn tigen has been solubilized by papain digestion from FL-74 cells.
However, higher yields of FOCMhAa ve been obtained from supernatant fluids
from FL-74 cells maintained in serum-free medium. Soluble FOCMiAs being
purified and is being evaluated for vaccine potential.
Investigations into the pathogenesis of FeLV infection showed that susceptibility
to FeLV and to feline sarcoma virus FeSV was age-related (4 strains
tested) and, therefore, had to be considered in designing viral challenge
experiments. Ancillary studies demonstrated that the presence of FeLV
group specific antigen (gsa) in the blood cells of cats correlated with
infectious virus in blood plasma. The viral infectivity and gsa tests were
of comparable sensitivity in detecting the onset of FeLV viremia.
Preliminary studies showed treatment of cats with methylnitrosourea
increased the susceptibility of cats to FeLV infection.
Significance to Biomedical Research and the Program of the Institute:
Prophylactic imnunization protocols in model systems, such as those carried
out under this contract, evaluate prospects for control of cancer induced by
horizontally transmitted viruses. The information obtained in such work may be
applicable to prophylaxis against other animal oncornaviruses and may possibly
have particular future value in control of some human neoplastic diseases.
Proposed Course: A concentrated effort will be made to isolate and purify
FOCMsAol uble vaccines and FeLVp roteins, including gp69/71 and p15. As
these become available, vaccination procedures will be established with regard
to host age, virus strain, imnunization route and dose. Mixed vaccines of
soluble FOCMA-FeeLnVv elope proteins will continue to be investigated. The
biological responses to live and killed virus and viral proteins will be studied
from the point of view of: (a) the primary site for expression of FOCMA(b; )
the etiology of i11111.1nosuppressbioyn F eLVp roteins, including the production of
serum factors, interfering antibodies, etc.; (c) the transmission and excretion
of virus in gsa-positive and -negative cats; macrophage function and other host
defense COff1)onenitns resistance to feline oncornaviruses, as detennined by
mixed lyfl1)hocyte-tumori nteraction, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity,
blocking antibo(b' and suppressor cell formation.
Date Contract Initiated: June 25, 1965
1965 - contract
1977-08-the-virus-vancer-program-progress-report-14-ocr-compressed.pdf
1977-08-the-virus-vancer-program-progress-report-14-ocr-compressed-pg-138 to 140
OHIOS TATEU NIVERSIRTYES EARFCOHU NDAT(INOONl -CPS-3571)
Title: l11111unobioloRgiecs ponseo f the Cat to Feline Oncornavirus
Contractor's Project Director: Dr. Richard G. Olsen
Project Officer (NCI): Dr. Alfred Hellman
Objectives: Studies concentrated on development of a regimen for inducing
immunity to feline leukemia virus and feline oncornavirus associated tumor
antigens. Specific objectives are as follows: (1) to solubilize and
characterize the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membranea ntigen
(FOCMA()2;) to prepare purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV)e nvelope
glycoproteins (gp 69/71); (3) to evaluate the vaccine potential .of FOCMaAnd
FeLVg p 69/71 for the prevention of viremia (FeLV)a nd tumor1genesis in
specific pathogen free cats; (4) to evaluate the lymphocyte blast transfonnation
responses to defined FOCMaAnd FeLVg p 69/71 antigens in vaccinated
cats and cats infected with virulent feline oncornaviruses; ('5) to detennine
whether a chemical carcinogen, methylnitrosourea, alters the age-related
susceptibility of cats to feline oncornavirus disease; (6) to detennine
whether chemical carcinogens alter the inmunobiologic responses of cats to
feline oncornaviruses; (7) to investigate further the relationship of age,
virus strain, route of infection, and other inmunologic or co-carcinogenic
factors which influence the susceptibility of ca.ts to feline oncornaviruses;
(8) to evaluate the mixed lymphocyte-tumorc ell assay using sensitized feline
peripheral blood lymphocytes and inactivated feline lymphoblastoid cells to
detect tumor-associated antigen blast transfonnation.
Major Findings: Developmenot f a tumor cell vaccine employinga FOCMAcontaining
feline lymphoblastoid cell line (FL-74) has been pursued. A
procedure was developed for inactivating FL-74 tumor cells and the FL-84
cell-associated FeLVw ith heat (560Cf or 3 minutes) treatment. Heat-treated
cells retained the FOCMsAer ologic activity; moreover, 85%o f these cells
remain morphologically intact. Inmunization of 4- to 6-week-old kittens
with inactivated FL-74 cells resulted in resistance to Snyder-Theilen feline
sarcoma virus (FeSV) challenge in vaccinated cats as opposed to age-matched,
non-inmunizedc ontrols. Using a sub-group specific (FeLV)v irus neutralization
(VN) assay it was demonstrated that young kittens responded poorly to
killed feline oncornaviruses and to living feline oncomaviruses. By
contrast, older cats respond to FeSV challenge with significant VN antibody
titers. Kittens that suckled dams inmunized with killed virus did have
protection from FeLV and/or FeSV challenge.
In a study designed to detennine the optimum age at which to evaluate FeLV
inmunoprophylaxis, age-related variation in susceptibility of cats to FeLV
infection and oncogenesis was found. Cats inoculated with virus as newborns
developed persistent viremia and developed FeLV-related disease. Neither
FOCMcAy,t otoxic, nor neutralizing antibody were detected in these cats.
Conversely, persistent viremia occurred in a minority of cats inoculated
with FeLV at 3-4 months or l year of age. All non-viremic cats produced
FOCMcAy,t otoxic, a~d neutralizing antibody, seroconversion occurring
between 5 and 7 weeks post-inoculation, and none of the cats developed
disease. Control cats in contact with the viremic cats developed evidence
of horizontal exposure to FeLV. Integrating the variables of age and
susceptibility to FeLV and FeSV challenge, therefore, is critical to
designing experiments to evaluate the inmunobiologya nd inmunoprophylaxiso f
feline oncornaviruses.
Characteristics of normal and transfonned feline lymphoid cells were studied.
Using a combined rosetting technique, it was found that 10% to 30% of nonnal
feline peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) fonn spontaneous erythrocyte (E)
rosettes with guinea pig red blood cells, while 30% to 50% fonn EAC rosettes.
Less than 1% of PBL fonned both types of rosettes. Seventy to 90% of lymphoblastoid
cells from FeLV-inducedth ymic neoplasms fonned E rosettes whereas
less than 1%E ACfo nning cells were present. During the latter stages of
FeLV infection, increased numbers of E rosette-fonning PBL correlated with
increased numbers of circulating lymphoblastic cells. Binding of guinea pig
erythrocytes, therefore, appears to identify thymic dependent (T} lymphocytes,
while the presence of a complemenrt eceptor is a marker of thymic independent
lymphocytes in the cat.
Si~nificance to Biomedical Research and the Program of the Institute: The
tr1als to determine the effectiveness of vaccination in the cat as a protective
measure against oncornavirus-induced neoplasia have a two-fold
purpose. The results provide infonnation concerning the nature of the
i11111urensep onse providing the best degree of protection against infection
or ensuring disease in a genetically heterogeneous population of animals
susceptible to certain oncornaviruses. Secondly, knowledge is obtained of
the nature of the vaccine preparation providing protection to the actively
i11111unizseudb ject and secondarily to newbornp rogeny highly susceptible to
oncogenic viruses.
Pro~osed Course: Concentrated effort at this time is being directed toward
eva uating the i11111unoprophylacteifcf ect of combininga FOCMaAnd killed
virus vaccine. Moreover, soluble FOCM(Apu rified} and purified FeLV-gp6 9/71
are being produced and will be tested for vaccine potential.
A lymphocyte blast transfonnation (LBT} assay for the cats has been developed.
Studies are in progress to evaluate the LBT response in cats to virus antigen
and FOCMA.
Date Contract Initiated: June 25, 1965
1969 (Oct 26) - The Pittsburgh Press : "Front Line in the Cancer Fight"
Mentioned: Dr. Alfred R. Hellman (born 1931) / Dr. Frank Joseph Rauscher II (born 1931)
1971 - No references in this source ..
After the ban on offensive BW research, the National Cancer Institute and the Office of Naval Research jointly sponsored experiments on the aerosol properties of potentiallyAoncogenic viruses. The NCI project officer and former U.S.Air Force virologist, Dr. Alfred Hellman, worked with Mark Chatigny, a research worker at NBL and a member of the NCI biohazards work group from the NBL.
Hellman also oversaw the 1971 $100,000 study on the "physical and biological characteristics of viral aerosols". In 1961, the NBL had done similar research for Fort Detrick on the "stability and virulence of BW aerosols." Chatigny's NBL research into aerosol distribution of viruses would continue into the 1980's. Such overlapping of purposes raises serious questions about the wisdom of placing control of VCP viruses under the NBL.
1971
1977-08-the-virus-vancer-program-progress-report-14-ocr-compressed.pdf
paged 238 and 239
SOUTHWFEOSTU NDATFIOORNR ESEARACNHD E DUCATI(ONN01 -CP4-3214)
Title: Study of Latent Virus Infection and Transmission
Contractor's Project Director: Dr • . R. L. Heberling
Project Officer (NCI): Dr. Alfred Hellman
Objectives: To study the viral flora in placentas and embryos of primates
with emphasis on type C viruses.
Major Findin¥s: A xenotropic baboon type C virus, ~7 is being studied
for its ab1l ty to infect and produce· disease in experimenta1 l y inoculated
non-humanp rimates and beagle dogs. Chimpanzees,b aboons, cebus monkeys
and mannosets have been inoculated and under study for 11 to 20 months
with no evidence of neoplastic disease. Three of five marmosets died
14 to 252 days after inoculation, .but no virus was recovered from these
animals nor did pathol_ogic studies indicate a viral etiology for the deaths.
Two sacrificed mannosets were similarly negative. M-7virus was recovered
from tissues of beagle dogs inoculated in utero and a humoral, but not
ce 11-medait ed immunity( CM)I, was demonstrated. No virus was recovered
from dogs inoculated at birth, but humoral and CMI developed.
Autogenous humoral immunity in. the nonnal baboon was demonstrated for
intact, but not disrupted, M-7virions by radioimmunoassay. However, no
neutralizing antibody was found. Naturally occurring antibody was predominantly
in the IgG and lgA fractions of serum and tended to increase
in titer with age; however, both sexes showed similar antibody levels.
Cell-mediated immunity to the virus in nonnal baboons was also demonstrated
by virus-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis.
Maternal serum was shown to block phytohemagglutinin lymphocyte stimulation
and mixed lymphocyte responsiveness of fetal lymphocytes. This suppression
could be adsorbed by M-1 virus.
A virus was isolated from a culture of squirrel monkey lung cells treated
with IUDRa nd cocultivated with fetal canine thymusc ells. This virus
has a morphology and mode of development similar to Mason-Pfizer monkey
virus, an RNA-dependenDt NAp olymerasew ith a Ng++p reference, a density
of 1:16-1.19 g/ml and the ability to fonn syncytia in KC cells.
Si¥nificance to Biomedical Research and the Program of the Institute:
Ev dence was provided for the existence in "nonnal" primate tissue of
vertically transmitted type C viruses. Further study is required to
detennine whether these agents have any direct relationship to the development
of malignancy in any primate.
Proposed Course: Efforts will be continued to detennine the function of
these virus particulates in the primate host.
Date Contract Initiated: June 3, 1971
paged 267
SOUTHWEFSOTU NDATFIOONRR ESEARCAHN DE DUCATIO(NN0 1-CP4-3214)
Title: Study of Latent Virus Infection and Transmission
Contractor's Project Director: Dr. R. L. Heberling
Project Officer (NCI): Dr. Alfred Hellman
Objectives: To study the viral flora in piacentas and embryos of primates
with e111>hasiosn type C viruses.
Major Findings: The pathogenicity of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) was
determined in nonhumanp rimates and in beagle dogs. BaEVi nfected dogs when
inoculated in utero or at birth, but no pathology resulted from this infection.
Similarly, marmosets, cebus monkeys, baboons, and chiq,anzees were unaffected
by BaEVi noculation. Fibrosarcomas were induced by a:BaEVp seudotype of Kirsten
1111rinsea rcoma virus [MSV(BaEVi)n] dogs, marmosets, cynomolgusm onkeys, and
chiq,anzees, but not in cebus 9r squirrel monkeys. One baboon inoculated
intracerebrally developed a brain tumor and metastatic lung tumors, all fibrosarcomas.
All the species inoculated with BaEVo r MSV(BaEVe)x, cept the baboon,
developed neutralizing (SN) antibody against BaEV. The baboon showed a partial
tolerance to BaEV by not developing SN antibodies, but did develop a rise in
precipitating antibodies (RIP) following inoculation. Cell-mediated immune
(CMI)r esponses were also observed in MSV(BaEV)-infecteadn imals.
Autogenous CMI to BaEV, as measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis in the presence
of viral angigen, was demonstrated in adult male and female baboons. These
initial studies indicated a greater response in male baboons. Attempts at!!!.
vivo rescue of the Kirsten murine sarcoma genome in dogs were nc:tsuccessful.
A squirrel monkeyR NAv irus (SMRV)w, ith the properties of a type D virus has
been characterized. The morphologyo f SMRVre sembles Mason-Pfizer monkeyv irus
(MPMV)a,n d the virus DNAp olymerase, like that of MPMVp,r eferred magnesium
ions over manganese ions, and a low KCI concentration for optimum activity.
The SMRVpo lymerase had an optimump H of 7.5 coff1)aredt o 8.1 for MPMV.A
70S RNAw as shownb y the sirultaneous detection assay. The SMRVpo lymerase
was partially neutralized by MPMaVn tiserum but no other antigenic relationships
were detected between these viruses. SMRVal so was unrelated to other
mammaliano ncornaviruses (MLVF, eLV, RD114,B aEV,S SAV,a nd GALVw) -hen
tested by immunodiffusion.
Similar SMRVis olates were recovered from various tissues of four adult,
five newborn, and two fetal squirrel monkeys. Virus particles with eccentric
nucleoids resembling type C viruses were seen in the placenta but not in other
fetal or adult tissues. Nucleic acid hybridization and host range studies
indicated SMRVis an endogenous, xenotropic virus of squirrel monkeys.
SMRwVa s inoculated into squirrel monkeys, marmosets, baboons, and beagles
but no overt pathology resulted. Virus was not recovered from beagles that
were inoculated at birth and sacrificed l to 2 months later.
Attempts to isolate virus from a human leukemia patient's placenta. a rhesus
monkey-baboonh ybrid placenta, and tissues from a leukemic chi~anzee were
not successful.
Significance to Biomedical Research and the Program of the Institute: Evidence
was obtained for the existence of vertically transmitted type C viruses
in "normal" primate tissue. Further study is required to determine whether
these agents have any direct relationship to the development of malignancy
in any primate.
Proposed Course: Efforts will be continued to determine the function of
these virus particulates in the primate host.
Date Contract Initiated: June 3, 1971
paged 282 - 284
NAVABLI OMEDICRAELS EARCLHA BORATO(RYYO l-CP-4-0200)
Title: Biohazards of Oncogenic Virus Aerosols
Contractor's Project Director: Mr. Mark Chatigny
Project Officer (NCI): Or. Alfred Hellman .
Objectives: This project involves two task areas in the field of
biocontaminant and environmental control.
Major Findings: The first task involved the systematic assessment of risk
in the oncogenic virus laboratory, particularly as related to physical
protection parameters. During this contract period data that will be used
to identify these protection parameters was obtained by creating conditions
conducive to 1) aerosol generation by malfunctioning laboratory equipment,
or by 2) stressing a biological safety cabinet with outside draft air.
Tests to determine the aerosol output of a ruptured rotor on a Beckman LS
ultracentrifuge located in a containment cabinet showed that the aerosol
output was minimal and·confined to the cabinet. Other studies were performed
to determine the degree of personnel protection provided by the verticle
laminar flow (Class II) safety cabinet. A leakage factor (penetration of
the air barrier) for the Class II, type 1 safety cabinet was calculated to
be less than one particle per 105 particles when the cabinet was in use.
Product protection was of a similar magnitude. Studies with the Class II,
type 2 cabinet showed a penetration rate similar to or less than the
Class II, type 1 cabinet when the access opening of the type 2 was as much
as 15 inches. Performance of the Class II, type 2 cabinet was not
substantially affected by side draft air up to 400 ft . per minute, a cause
of malfunctioning of many other types of safety cabinets.
A study to determine small particle aerosol output utilizing new detector
techniques showed a substantial amount of splattered culture material,
produced by a ballistic spray, was collected from the ilTlllediate work area.
Quantitation of this contamination level as a part of the total spray output .
has facilitated improved assessment of contamination spread vectors.
Additionally, within this task area, the contractor performed service
functions for the Office of Biohazard Safety, Viral Oncology Program, and
the Office of Research, Safety, NCI, in the inspection of laboratories,
testing of equipment, and providing consultation services on matters
related · to bioengineering and biohazards.
The second task area involved biological studies d1rected toward the assessment
of risk in the oncogenic virus laboratory. Studies were specifically
designed to determine the biological stability, susceptibility to
disinfectants and aerosol infectivity of Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and
Herpesvirus saimiri (HSV). Specific data is as follows: young adult cats
and neonatal kittens exposed to aerosols containing FeLV do not show any
sign of infection to date. Low levels of FeLV were detected in one fecal,
three urine and two oral samples taken from a group of 25 known-leukemic
cats obtained from veterinary practitioners. The following disinfectants
successfully inactivated FeLV within five minutes: sodium hypochlorite
(lOOppm), 70% ethanol, 30-70% isopropanol and wescodyne (37ppm of free
iodine) .
The high titered virus (thought to be HVS) propagated in TC-7 cells was
ultimately found to be a contaminant, probably a silent carrier in the cell
line; therefore, previously reported data concerning HVS propagated in the
TC-7 cell lines should be attributed to the contaminant •
•
Significance to Biomedical Research and the Program of the Institute:
An understanding of the behavior of small particle aerosols will allow the
development of a rational and hopefully less expensive means for control of
cross infection in laboratories conducting research in viral oncology.
Similarly, identification of the physical parameters for the assessment of
risk will permit the more precise evaluation of research facilities, on the
basis of such data.
Proposed Course: To continue the development of a theoretical model to
define the various hazards in a virus laboratory resulting from the
generation of aerosols. Also contractor will continue the physical aerosol
studies by examining the nature of air-borne particles in general. In
addition the contractor will continue its service and support functions for
the Office of Biohazard Safety, Viral Oncology Program, and the Office of
Research Safety, NCI.
Date Contract Initiated: March 1, 1971
1972 - Etiology / NCI review ...
Etiology: Annual Program Review Document, Fiscal Year ... Prepared for the National Cancer Advisory Council Meeting o
1972-usa-nih-nci-etiology-annual-program-review-document.pdf
Mych info on Hellman ...
1971
67. Nettesheim , P. , Hanna , M. G. , Doherty , D. G. , Newell , R. F. , and
Hellman , A .: Effect of calcium chromate dust , influenza virus , and 100 R
whole - body X - radiation of lung tumor incidence . J. Nat . Cancer Inst . 47 :
1129-1144 , 1971 .
Fowler , A.K. , Hellman , A.K. , Steinman , H.G. and Ouatrale , A.C .: Studies
on the blastogenic response to muring lymphocytes. I. Quantitative measurements of stimulation by phytophemagglutinin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 138 : 35, Oct 1971
Hellman , A. and Fowler , A.K .: Hormonal - activated expression of the C
AND SV40 MENTIONED
1972 (April 26)
https://www.newspapers.com/image/163704649/?terms=%22alfred%20hellman%22&match=1
1972-04-26-the-news-journal-wilmington-pg-6.jpg
1972-04-26-the-news-journal-wilmington-pg-6-clip-researchers.jpg
1975
http://www.originofaids.com/author_defends_embattled_african_presidents.htm
On March 19, 1975 during a cancer virus research and safety symposium, Dr. Kalter, obviously frustrated by some of his colleagues, and the scientific impropriety of avoiding the truth about the mother of Ebola, testified: "I believe simian-hemorrhagic fever is important. It appears to be a man-made disease."
Present was Dr. Alfred Hellman, a leading Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) official, and the chairman of the NCI's section on Biohazards Control and Containment. Following Dr. Kalter's stunning but accurate diagnosis of the "man-made" origin of Marburg/Ebola, Hellman, at the helm of the conference's steering committee, felt compelled to redirect discussion to less troubled waters.
Dr. Hellman, Special Virus Cancer Program reports revealed, was among the world's leading experts in airborne viruses, as Ebola is believed to be. With his links to the AEC, as well as his work at the U.S. Navy Biomedical Research Lab (NBRL) that included biological warfare research and developments, his intimate links to the CIA and their top secret bioweapons program called Project: MKNAOMI can be surmised. As discussed and documented in Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola, Hellman served as the executive project officer for the NCI in their effort to test the "Aerosol Properties of Potentially Oncogenic Viruses" with the Navy. Hellman, oversaw the NBRL studies in which viruses were spread through the air in an effort to study "virus-host interaction considering both the hazard to humans and animals and the potential for cross contamination." These studies, similar to what had been conducted on the USS Coral Sea and the USS F. D. Bailey in 1950, were apparently a follow-up to the studies conducted by the Special Operations Division of the Army in cooperation with the Navy and the CIA. This time, in 1971, instead of exposing unwitting military personnel to aerosols containing relatively mild, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria, humans and animals were exposed to carcinogenic viruses. In these reports, Hellman and his colleagues wisely chose to keep the identity of their human and animal test subjects classified.
1975 - NIH newsletter
https://nihrecord.nih.gov/sites/recordNIH/files/pdf/1975/NIH-Record-1975-02-26.pdf
1976 (May 28) - NYTimes : "Joined Viruses Cause Cancer in Animals"
1976-05-28-nytimes-joined-viruses-cause-cancer-in-animals.pdfBy Harold M. Schnieck Jr. Special to The New York Times
May 28, 1976
WASHINGTON, May 27—By combining elements of two different viruses, scientists have produced a third virus capable of causing cancers in beagle puppies marmosets, monkeys and other primates including chimpanzees.
Because of the virus has been shown to cause cancer in such a wide range of animal species, including chimpanzees, the primates closest genetically to man, the National Cancer Institute here has warned virus laboratories to use “extreme caution” in doing similar experiments.
A report of the experiments was given today at a symposium on cancer virus research held at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island.
There was no implication, however, of hazard to the general public. The viruses had to be injected to produce cancers in the laboratory animals.
The experiments are considered potentially important because they open up new avenues for studies of the role of viruses in causing cancer. Many animal cancers are known to be linked to viruses, but despite intensive study, no virus has yet been proved to be a cause of human cancer.
The experiments reported today were done by Dr. Seymour S. Kalter and colleagues of the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, San Antonio, Tex.
Viruses known to be native to baboons were grown in laborary cell cultures with viruses known to cause cancer in mice. In the course of growth and reproduction, the two types of viruses sometimes exchanged material producing what are called pseudotype viruses consisting of the outer coats of the baboon virus and the inner core of the mouse cancer virus.
Neither of the two parent viruses would ordinarily cause cancer in any of the species that did quickly develop cancers in Dr. Kalter's experiments —dogs, marmosets, monkeys, chimpanzees. In answer to a query by telephone today, he said that the pseudotype viruses also had caused cancers when injected into the brains of baboons. Human cells growing in laboratory flasks were also transformed from normalcy to a state equivalent to cancer when they were deliberately infected with the virus.
Dr. John B. Moloney, associate director of the National Cancer Institute for Virus Studies, said that the viruses combining features of baboon and mouse viruses appeared to be the first pseudotypes that cause cancers in the higher primates. He said that it was this link to species so close to humans that had caused concern over possible danger to laboratory workers.
There has been much previous research with pseudotype viruses linked to lower animal species, such as cancer virus of chickens combined with virus of mice.
The Texas research is supported by the Cancer Institute. Dr. Kalter has kept its scientists informed of his work. Dr. Alfred Hellman of the institute said that he had sent out a warning last week to virus laboratories that might be interested in this kind of research. Many laboratories are equipped and organized to do similar research safely, he added.
1976 (June 28)
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1980 - Dr. Alfred Hellman asking questions at a symposium
1980-symposium-on-biological-effects-and-meas.pdf
Symposium on Biological Effects and Measurement of Light Sources, Rockville, Maryland, June 9-10, 1980
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Radiological Health, 1981 - Light - 241 pages
2008 (April 13)
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2016 (April 05) - NYTimes : "Wanted: Cruise Lecturers Who Mingle and Take Good Selfies"
Stephen Wessley, a professor at York College in Pennsylvania, on a cruise ship in Bermuda. He lectures on a variety of topics.
By Julie Weed / April 4, 2016
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/05/business/wanted-cruise-lecturers-who-mingle-and-take-good-selfies.html?searchResultPosition=3
2016-04-05-nytimes-wanted-cruise-lecturers-who-mingle-and-take-good-selfies.pdf
Mark P. Hertling, a retired three-star Army general, now gives speeches on corporate leadership. So when a friend suggested he try giving lectures to passengers on a cruise ship, it seemed like a good way for him and his wife to take an affordable vacation.
But first he had to get through the interview. General Hertling filled out a questionnaire that he called “long and arduous.” The booking agency reviewed his Army career and his appearances on CNN. Finally, he was pressed on his personality. Did he enjoy meeting new people? Would he mind interacting with the passengers between lectures? Was he, in other words, an extrovert?
“They asked if I’d be willing to mingle and do more than just giving speeches,” he said.
In an age of social media and more demanding passengers, being a lecturer on a cruise line has moved beyond just giving a couple of talks in exchange for a discounted cabin.
Today, cruise lines are becoming ever more selective about those they hire. And the subject areas are moving beyond personal motivation speeches and talks on finance; today, the topics include archaeology, geology, history and politics.
“We get hundreds of applications each month and we need to see a video of the person presenting to a live audience, taking questions,” said Laura Flager, director of the outreach division of Compass Speakers and Entertainment, a provider of cruise line programming.
Few make the cut, she said. Instead her team scours the Internet for interesting TED talks, newscasters, retiring ambassadors, professors and others who have the expertise, presentation skills and people skills the cruise lines look for.
More than just offering a few lectures, speakers now are told to be ready for a diverse and well-read audience that wants to interact beyond the podium.
Speakers unwilling to spend extra time with a guest who wants to socialize day or night won’t last long. “As soon as you step out of your stateroom, you are in the public eye,” Ms. Flager said.
Kiki Hellman, who runs a biomedical consulting business in Clarksburg, Md., with her husband, Alfred Hellman, have taken about 60 cruises over the last 30 years to destinations on every continent. Passengers, Dr. Hellman said, are now more knowledgeable than ever about history, anthropology and archaeology — and expect more from lecturers.
“They can get some very esoteric questions from the audience,” she said.
New technology also places more demands on speakers. Lectures may be streamed to tablets or rebroadcast multiple times on the ship, so visual elements must be strong and the speakers’ presentation must translate well to broadcasting.
“Passengers can walk out of my lecture or turn off the TV at any moment,” said John Rennie Short, a cruise lecturer on trips to destinations like Myanmar, “so it better be good.”
Some passengers use their smartphones to fact-check a speaker if they think they hear something that seems amiss during a talk.
While lecturers were encouraged in the past to socialize a bit with the guests, now it is required, said Douglas Gray, a Manhattan-based consultant. Passengers, he said, want authentic engagement with everyone on board, and that desire for accessibility and openness means that lecturers “stay after the talk and hang out with the participants.”
“They exchange stories and experiences,” Mr. Gray said.
Dr. Hellman said that getting to know the speakers was one of her favorite activities on a ship. She prefers cruises with smaller passenger lists, preferably with just a few hundred, so she can spend time with the experts.
“There are so many ways to interact with them over a meal or tea,” she said. She and her husband have even invited speakers to meet them for ballroom dancing in the evening.
Dr. Sandy Greer of Spokane, Wash., has taken cruises to Hawaii, Alaska and Mexico. He says he enjoys it most when the speaker “feels like another passenger, a member of our group.”
Social media has changed the nature of the speaker’s job in another way, Ms. Flager said. The ubiquity of vacation selfies posted to Facebook and Instagram translates to a need for a camera-ready guest lecturer.
“Their ratings often come down to 50 percent content and 50 percent social skills,” Ms. Flager said.
While motivational speeches and financial talks have dwindled in popularity over the last five years, demand for anything related to the ship’s destination, whether it’s archaeology, geology, history, politics or culture, has grown, said Tim Castle, who runs a small agency for lecturers in New York and works with luxury cruise lines. The New York Times is among the companies that have worked with cruise lines to offer trips featuring journalists or other specialists as featured speakers.
Ms. Flager said today’s traveler considered knowledge of the destination essential to enhance the trip ashore.
And the requirements may become even more demanding soon, said Paul DiFilippi, director of enrichment programs at Sixth Star, which provides programs for cruise ships.
“Cruise lines departing from new ports like China and Brazil have now started asking us for bilingual lecturers and native speakers,” he said.
2016
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Birthdate - Oct 11 1931
2023-03-23-ancestry-com-directory-info-140986632-1788-hellman.pdf
Alfred Hellman
Add or update information
Detail Source
Name:
Alfred Hellman
Birth Date:
11 Oct 1931
Residence Date:
1991
Address:
PO Box 289
Residence:
Clarksburg, MD
Postal Code:
20871-0289
DetailSource
Name:
Alfred R Hellman
[Dr Hellman]
Birth Date:
Oct 1931
Residence Date:
1983-2019
Address:
24211 Peach Tree Rd
Residence:
Clarksburg, Maryland, USA
Postal Code:
20871
Second Residence Date:
1983-2019
Second Address:
24211 Peach Tree Rd Apt 289
Second Residence:
Clarksburg, Maryland, USA
Second Postal Code:
20871
Third Residence Date:
1984-2001
Third Address:
25372 Diana Cir
Third Residence:
Mission Viejo, California, USA
Third Postal Code:
92691
Fourth Residence Date:
2000
Fourth Address:
2160 Bula Dr
Fourth Residence:
Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
Fourth Postal Code:
80915