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Conceptual Understanding: Graphical models can take many forms, but their prime function is always the same—to simplify the data and present it in such a way that understanding of what is being presented aids further development or discussion. Designers utilize graphical modelling as a tool to explore creative solutions and refine ideas from the technically impossible to the technically possible, widening the constraints of what is feasible.
The development of ideas through graphical models allows designers to explore and deepen their understanding of a problem and context of use.
What
What is a graphical model?
What they are used for
A graphical model is a 2D and 3D graphical models/ visualization of an idea, often created on paper or through software.
What they look like
They are drawings that convey the designer's idea.
Perspective drawings
A set of formal drawing techniques that depicts an object as getting smaller and closer together the further away they are. The techniques
To show what a product will look like when finished in a more lifelike way.
Informal drawing technique on the 3D view of the design. The lines of a perspective drawing head towards a vanishing point.
Practice 1 and 2 point perspective:
Isometric drawings
Used to accurately show what a product will look like when it is finished
You can recognise these drawings by an angle of the object in the drawing being 30 degrees
Practice Isometric:
Orthographic Projection
A way of drawing an 3D object from different directions. Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the important sides. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been developed to a stage whereby it is almost ready to manufacture.
Practice Orthographic Projection:
Scale drawings
All drawing techniques that show an object in proportion to its actual size. It is used when something needs to be presented accurately or either for planning or manufacturing.
1:2 (Half the size/scale)
2:1 (Double the size/scale)
Sketching versus formal drawing techniques
Sketching: Spontaneous and free hand representation used very early in the design process. Usually free hand
Adv: Communicate the ideas very quickly among the colleagues.
Dis: Unable to take the idea to manufacture.
Formal drawings: Ruled out and accurate drawings. The techniques tend to be used in the development phase of a design process. Formal drawings are used to represent a more resolved idea, something that the designer has settled on or wishes to investigate the idea in more detail.
Adv: Shows in detail sizes of concept, Can be used to construct, Accurate, Different views of object shown that couldn’t see from a 3D drawing
Dis: Time consuming, Requires a high level of skill, Specialist drawing equipment needed
Sketching:
Formal drawings:
Part drawings
Orthographic drawings of the components of an assembly containing details just about that component.
Assembly drawings
(Exploded isometric
A diagram that shows how components fit together to make a whole. Typically shows how parts of a product fit together. They are often used to show how to assemble parts of model kits and flat-pack furniture.
There are two types of assembly drawings.
A fitted assembly drawing shows the parts put together, and can be drawn in 2D or 3D.
An exploded assembly drawing that shows the parts separated, but in the correct relationship for fitting together. Exploded views are usually drawn in 3D.
Bill of Materials [BOM]. A table of individual parts to help know which part is broken and how to repair it.
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