Compare thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics in terms of their properties. (3 Marks)
Model Answer:
Similarity: Both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics are polymers used in manufacturing (1 mark).
Difference: Thermoplastics can be reheated and reshaped, while thermosetting plastics permanently harden after molding (1 mark).
Example: Polyethylene (thermoplastic) is used in plastic bags, whereas epoxy resin (thermosetting) is used in adhesives (1 mark).
Describe the function of an ergonomic chair in office design. (3 Marks)
Model Answer:
Ergonomic chairs are designed to support proper posture and reduce strain on the body (1 mark).
They typically include adjustable seat height, lumbar support, and armrests to improve comfort (1 mark).
For example, an office chair with lumbar support helps prevent back pain in long-term computer use (1 mark).
Evaluate the use of smart materials in modern product design. (6 Marks)
Model Answer:
Advantage 1: Smart materials can respond to environmental changes, improving functionality (1 mark).
Advantage 2: They increase product lifespan by adapting to conditions, e.g., self-healing polymers (1 mark).
Disadvantage 1: Smart materials are often expensive, making them less accessible (1 mark).
Disadvantage 2: Some smart materials require external activation, limiting their application (1 mark).
Conclusion: Despite higher costs, smart materials offer significant benefits in innovation and sustainability (2 marks).
Discuss the benefits and limitations of using biodegradable packaging in consumer products. (6 Marks)
Model Answer:
Benefit 1: Biodegradable packaging reduces plastic waste, leading to a lower environmental impact (1 mark).
Benefit 2: It can enhance a company's brand image, appealing to eco-conscious consumers (1 mark).
Limitation 1: Some biodegradable materials require specific conditions (e.g., industrial composting) to break down (1 mark).
Limitation 2: They may be more expensive than traditional plastic, increasing production costs (1 mark).
Conclusion: While biodegradable packaging is beneficial for sustainability, cost and disposal challenges remain key concerns (2 marks).
Outline how a circular economy can reduce waste in manufacturing. (3 Marks)
Model Answer:
A circular economy focuses on reusing, repairing, and recycling materials to minimize waste (1 mark).
Instead of discarding products, manufacturers design for longevity and recyclability (1 mark).
For example, companies like Patagonia repair and resell used clothing to extend product life (1 mark).