Grammars

Articles "a" / "an" / "the" - Basic

冠詞 - 基礎

a / an 後跟可數單一數名詞

e.g. a book, a friend of mine, a university

e.g. an apple, an orange, an umbrella

the 指明人/物

There is a person. The person is talking to the police.

Auxiliary Verb - Do & Be

輔助動詞

Question Forms

疑問句

Present Tense

現在式

3rd person singular subject + Verb+s

Future Tense

將來式

will + infinitive

be going to + infinitive

Present and Present Continuous Tense (for future events)

現在式與現在進行式 (表達將來發生事件)

Verb+s & be + Verb+ing

Past Tense

過去式

Regular verbs: verb+ed

Irregular verbs: refer to the verb table 

Past Continuous Tense

過去進行式 

was / were + ving (主要動詞/動作動詞 ＋ ing)

Present Perfect Tense

現在完成式

have / has + p.p. (past participle 過去分詞)

Words for Present Perfect Tense

already / yet / just / since / for / never / ever

Past Perfect Tense

過去完成式

had + p.p. (past participle 過去分詞)

Comparatives and Superlatives

比較級與最高級

adjective+er ... (than)...  / the + adjective+est

Comparing Quantity

比較數量的多少

many / much -> more (than) -> the most

little -> less (than) -> the least

few -> fewer (than) -> the fewest

Making Comparison

普通比較：相似或不同

like / the same as / as ...(adj)... as... / alike 相似/相同

different from 不同於

Conditional Type 0 and Type 1

條件句/假設句 - 0 類 及 1 類

Type 0 : If + present..., present

Type 1: If + present..., will/may + infinitive

Conditional Type 2

條件句/假設句 - 2 類

Type 2: If + past..., would + infinitive

Phrasal Verbs

動詞片語/短語

Quantity - How much | How many | some | any

數量詞

Connectives - Cause and Effect

連接詞 - 因果關係

Because / As / Since 因為 (reasons)

Therefore / So / As a result 因此 (results)

Relative Clauses Introduction

關聯句/關係句簡介

Relative pronouns: who / whose / which

To give further information to the noun

Reported Speech - Reporting order, request, advice

覆述句 - 命令 ｜ 要求 ｜ 建議

Speaker + reporting verb (Ved) + Listener + to "do" (inf) + something

Reported Speech

覆述句 (indirect speech)

To re-tell / recount what other people have said

把他人所說的內容轉述

Pay attention to the:

1. Speaker and Listener: Pronouns 代名詞

2. Time phrases 時間字詞

3. Verb Tenses 動詞時態

Choosing Preferences - would rather...than... | prefer to | prefer...to...

選擇喜好

would rather + infinitives 不變動詞 + than + infinitives 不變動詞 

prefer to + infinitives 不變動詞 

prefer + noun 名詞 + to + noun 名詞 （動詞 + ing 變成動名詞 gerund)

used to / be used to

曾經 / 熟悉或不再感到陌生

used to + infinitives 不變動詞

be used to + noun / gerund (ving) 名詞 或 動名詞