Natural Disruptions and Changes

There are many canyon systems around the world, and some are more famous than others. Some of the major canyon systems I have visited include:

Parque La Huasteca, a municipal park in Monterrey, Mexico. With nearly 400 bolted routes with grades from 5.4 to 5.14, it is the favorite place for weekend climbers. (Wikipedia)
The Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, USA. It has been carved for millions of years by the Colorado River and provides essential energy supply, water resources and economic activity to the Southwestern US.
Colca Canyon outside of Arequipa, Peru, is one of the deepest canyons in the world. It is still inhabited and cultivated by Indigenous groups who use terraces millenia in age. It is a unique place in that you can view many wild Andean Condors flying in the same place at the same instance.
The image of this page is of Chicamocha Canyon, approximately 50 kilometers from Bucaramanga. With a maximum depth of 2,000 metres, an area of 108,000 hectares and a length of 227 kilometres, the canyon is the second-largest worldwide. The canyon is the result of the erosion caused by the Chicamocha River, which have created deep cliffs on both sides. (Wikipedia)

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05 Modeling Feedback Mechanisms

Experiencing a medium level of disturbance can actually produce high biodiversity. Too little leads to species dominance, too much leads to extinction.

Mass Extinction— The permanent loss of a large number of species within a relatively short period of geological time

1.3 Plate Tectonics

2.3 Analyzing tectonic activity.pdf

What you should be able to do with the plate tectonic material is classify plate boundaries on a map of the tectonic, based on your knowledge of geographic features and how those relate to the plate boundaries.

07 Describing El Niño and La Niña

Interested in More? Check this out!

I captured this moment on Isla San Cristobal, while snorkeling with wild Galapagos Sea Lions in August 2018. The Humboldt current rises along the west coast of South America [Perú/Ecuador], flows directly westward along the equator, and passes directly through this legendary archipelago. During El Niño events, the ocean temperatures are too warm for algae and plankton causing them to die off. This affects the food web all the way up to endemic species like the Galapagos sea lion and Galapagos penguin [the northernmost penguin species] which experience significant die offs in their populations. It takes many years for these populations to recover from ENSO events.

Who is Alexander von Humboldt? Hear some words from the author