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1. Geopolitical and economic risks
1. Geopolitical and economic risks
How technological and globalizing processes create new geopolitical and economic risks for individuals and societies
Threats to individuals and businesses:
hacking, identity theft and the implications of surveillance for personal freedoms
political, economic and physical risks to global supply chain flows
New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs and wealthy individuals
disruptive technological innovations, such as drones and 3D printing
The correlation between increased globalization and renewed nationalism/tribalization
Two detailed examples to illustrate geopolitical tension/conflict
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
How the advantages of globalization must be weighed against heightened possibilities of new geopolitical and economic risks
New glob int Ch 6.pdfDigital Copy of New Oakes book - chapter 6
Threats to individuals and businesses:
Threats to individuals and businesses:
6.1a - hacking, identity theft and the implications of surveillance for personal freedoms
6.1a - hacking, identity theft and the implications of surveillance for personal freedoms
Identity theft
Identity theft
Did you know that one in three data breach victims later go onto experience an identity crime? By now, it’s safe to assume that at least some of your Personally Identifiable Information (PII) has been compromised in a breach.
Hacking - effects on individuals and businesses
Hacking - effects on individuals and businesses
Hacking by Organised Crime
Task: Make notes on the effects of hacking and identity theft on people and businesses.
The implications of surveillance for personal freedoms
The implications of surveillance for personal freedoms
From amazing National Geographic Article entitled - They are watching you and everything else on earth
Guardian - Mass surveillance is fundamental threat to human rights.
Singapore under the pandemic - the normalisation of digital authoritarianism.
Singapore - Tracetogether data available to police
Leave no dark corner - Chinas surveillance
Smart cities - the benefits of surveillance
For a more balanced and less hysteric view get a summary of the followin in 5 bullet points. Use GLASP on youtube
Hacking by governments on citizens and groups... What are the benefits and disadvantages of a governement buying Pegasus software from NSO!
Task
Create a cost benefit analysis of Mass Surveillance that you could use in a debate entitled. The house believes that:
"The benefits of new technologies to monitor and manage global flows of people and data (e-passports, e-ID cards etc) outweigh any associated risks and threats".
Choose your side - select quotes and statistics. - you need to be referring to Singapore as it is a good example.
Task: Research and answer the following as an essay.
“Examine the effect that political, economic and physical risks can have on global supply chain flows.” (12)
Resources for Essay practice - Complete on this doc
New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
6.1 c - profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs and wealthy individuals
6.1 c - profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs and wealthy individuals
Exam Questions
Exam Questions
Part A style question - Evaluate the threat posed to the political and economic sovereignty of states by profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs. [12]
Synoptic B - To what extent have people in wealthy countries benefitted from global interactions? [16]
You will actually have to read the chapters in the book for this and not just look at nice videos :)
Readings
2024 - Work on the Geographyalltheway tasks - use this template
Link to Chapter - Garret and Nagle (big)
Link to Chapter - Oakes (small)
Define the terms: political sovereignty, economic sovereignty, sovereign wealth fund
Explain - using the resources in the chapters and also the videos explain how each of these how each of the following can be seen as threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states,. Use examples for each.
profit repatriation, corporate migration, tax avoidance, transfer pricing
Give examples to explain and evaluate what has been done to address these threats?
Concepts
Concepts
The processes involved in profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs and wealthy individuals lead to outcomes that have the power to impact the political and economic sovereignty of states
Lets go back to the question...
"Evaluate the threat posed to the political and economic sovereignty of states by profit repatriation and tax avoidance by TNCs." [12]
My Chat - How has my prompt engineering allowed for a clearer answer. What else do you think might make this better?
Summarise this into a plan using the Geographyalltheway outline...
New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
New and emerging threats to the political and economic sovereignty of states:
6.1 d - disruptive technological innovations, such as drones and 3D printing
6.1 d - disruptive technological innovations, such as drones and 3D printing
Task: Use the videos and the chapter to write a short section A answer to the question.
"Explain the new threats that technological innovations create for the political and economic sovereignty of nation states"
Extra Resources:
Video: How drones will transform cities (17m)
Article: Emerging threat from drones
Article : How drones are changing warfare in Ukraine.
Article: 4 ways 3d printing threatens security
Article: Is 3d printing a threat to global trade (just read executive summary.
Article: how 3 d printing helps combat trade wars.
The correlation between increased globalization and renewed nationalism/tribalization
The correlation between increased globalization and renewed nationalism/tribalization
6.1 e - Two detailed examples to illustrate geopolitical tension/conflict
6.1 e - Two detailed examples to illustrate geopolitical tension/conflict
Potential Document Template for this lesson
Concepts
Concepts
Concept 1 - What are the possible futures for globalisation.
Use page 209 of the Oxford Study guide to define what are the 4 possible futures according to Kearney (see left)
Concepts 2/3 - The processes of globalisation have the power to create growing nationlism/tribalization sentiment within and between populations.
(a) Using examples, analyse the links between globalisation and the rise of nationalism in some countries. [12] May 2019
(b) “Economic challenges are the main cause of opposition to globalization.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? [16] May 2022
Chatgpt Prompt and responses to get a good answer to this.....
Aims
To be able to describe and explain the correlation between increased globalisation and nationalism/tribalization.
To have knowledge of two detailed examples to illustrate geopolitical tension/conflict associated with nationalism/tribalization.
Definitions
Deglobalisation Wave
Emerging Market Economies
Tribalisation
Populism
Nationalism
Define the key terms above by using the 'Useful Links' below:
Useful Links
'Geography. Global Interactions. Study and Revision Guide. HL Core Extension' by Simon Oakes
The Link Between Globalization and Political Instability
The Link Between Globalization and Political Instability
Job automation and rising tensions in the labor force will bring even more volatility in the future, says political economist David Brady.
(source) Stamford Business.
Does Social media lead to increasing tribalization of populations?
Does Social media lead to increasing tribalization of populations?
What is an echo chamber. Why do some believe this has led to increasing tribalization in countries?
US- Tribalization
US- Tribalization
US- China - A new Cold War?
US- China - A new Cold War?
Questions to Ask -
The graph on the right is called the Milanovic "elephant chart". What is it and how might it explain increased internal tribalization in the politics of the USA, the rise of Trump and new US/China antagonism.
Look at the trailer for the rise of the Alt-right and the associated Antifa. What are the drivers for the massive rise.
This article from the Straits times warned about the rise of militias in the USA - were they right? (Think about what happened)
How has globalisation led to increased nationalism/ international tribalisation for USA and China.
What has fuelled the "trade war" with China?
How has this spilled over into increased Geopolitical risk between the two countries.
Resources
Page 90-93 Simon Oakes- Anti Globalisation protest voting in USA
Resource 1 to read: BBC - a quick guide to the US -china trade war..
Resource 2: South China Morning Post (remember TOK lessons)
Essential Document Reading - The Article is from the IB Review magazine for Geography - therefore this is a hint that it is extremely important to read. You should ensure that you do so and a range of other articles.
Economist: Slowbilisation - fantastic update. Short but really good.
Economist: Globalisation has faltered
Case Study 2: Rising Divisions in Nigeria - Anti-Globalisation in the form of rising militant extremism
Lagos - the capital of Nigeria is a global hub. It is connected by trade, transport and through the large oil wealth of the nation. It is the most populated city in Africa and one of the fastest growing in the world. While this coastal city global links rise, there has been an increase in resistance in the North East of the country where an extremist group - Boko Haram- which in the local Hausa dialect, means “Western education is forbidden.”, has grown.
Boko Haram are a civil society militant group are based in northeastern Nigeria but are also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon. They were initially set up in 2002 with the key aim to 'purify Islam in northern Nigeria'. They oppose the Westernisation of Nigerian Soceity and therefore their attacks on the population reflect this. They are specifically opposing the wealthy elite, which also happen to be Christian, as 173 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. From 2015 Boko Haram became aligned with ISIS and is now percieved to be one of the deadliest terror groups. They have bombed UN buildings and created so much fear from the mass abductions of school chioldren (the infamous kidnapping of 276 school girls happened in 2014) that 2.3 million people have become displaced.
Tasks:
Who are Boko Haram?
Why are they opposing Westernisation?
What are they doing to show that they are rejecting Westernisation?
How successful have their campaigns been?
Thanks to Geographyalltheway and Geogalot for these resources on Boko Haram.
Other Essential Case studies you could refer to :
Other Essential Case studies you could refer to :
Brexit and Tribalisation within the UK: 51% vote to leave Europe.
Tribalism - International - What is happening in Russia and Ukraine.
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