3.1. Global trends in consumption

How global development processes affect resource availability and consumption

Global and regional/continental progress towards poverty reduction, including the growth of the “new global middle class”

Measuring trends in resource consumption, including individual, national and global ecological footprints

An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of:

water, including embedded water in food and manufactured goods
land/food, including changing diets in middle-income countries
energy, including the relative and changing importance of hydrocarbons, nuclear power, renewables, new sources of modern energy

Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities

How different patterns and trends are interrelated and involve spatial interactions between different places

Book Resources

For this unit, you will need to read around the topic. Make sure as a minimum you read the chapters in the first two books on the left..

For revision - the last book on the right will help.

Pre Reading: https://world101.cfr.org/global-era-issues/globalization

Poverty reduction and the new middle class

Global and regional/continental progress towards poverty reduction, including the growth of the “new global middle class”

Lesson 1 - Resources

Resources:

First look at the infographic above - what can you tell has happened and will happen to the middle class.

What is the "middle class?"

1. Watch Hans Rosling Video below.
2. Go over the presentation
3. Google Document to fill in.
4. Great article from Pew Research on the GMC
5. 7 good charts including. the one below.

Trends in Resource Consumption

Measuring trends in resource consumption, including individual, national and global ecological footprints

You will be gaining information to help answer the following question -

"To what extent is a future global increase in ecological footprint inevitable due to a rapid growth of the Middle Class? "

Starter Image: Look at this graph and comment on it.

Document Template download here

Task 1 - Find the definitions for the following important terms:

Biocapacity
Ecological Footprint
Carbon Footprint
Ecological Creditor
Ecological Debtor
Global Hectare

Task 2: Take the Footprint calculator test

Work out your individual impact on the planet. Where you have the option to 'add more detail', please do so. Take a note of your score as well as a screen shot of your further details and your overshoot day.

What was the overshoot day in 2018 for the planet?
What happened in 2020/21/22 - why?

Task 3: Describing Global patterns

Go to this site and describe the pattern of Ecological Deficit/ Reserve.

First take a screenshot of the map and then write a description under it.

Task 4: Data for Individual Countries

Task 4: Country Patterns

1.Click on a country on the map to find the data on biocapacity vs ecological footprint for individual countries.

2. Find out what are the main causes of the ecological footprint in this section on analysis by land type.

You are wanting to analyse changes especially for countries that have rapidly growing middle class. China and India yes, but lets add some others.

China
USA
India
Germany
Brazil
South Africa
Vietnam
Qatar (an oil rich desert nation)

Task 5: Planning an Essay.

"To what extent is a future global increase in ecological footprint inevitable due to a rapid growth of the Middle Class? "

You must use

a) The terms from the first box

b) data and examples that will give you two sides.

i) yes the growth of middle class will increase ecological footprint.

ii) not necessarily - examples from High Income countries where footprint is reducing.

Examples from Middle Income countries such as China and India whose rate of growth of EF is reducing - why give example eg of renewable energy growth.

Essay Template to help you. (sent on MB)

Statistics Corner - Spearmans Rank Correlation

Stats to add to your essay

Barcelona fieldwork centre - guide to Spearmans

There is always a lot of data in Geography that you need to analyse. One tool that is very good at helping you to find relationships is the Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient.

HVLC-Geo_P405Stats5Spearmans

An overview of global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of:

water, including embedded water in food and manufactured goods
land/food, including changing diets in middle-income countries
energy, including the relative and changing importance of hydrocarbons, nuclear power, renewables, new sources of modern energy

Patterns and trends in water consumption.

- including embedded water in food and manufactured goods

Water 2018

lesson_4_water_resources_key_data_sheet

Task: Download a copy of this Google Doc - You must finish all sections of this and read the relevant chapter in the book

Task: Read the Kognity pages and aso your Oates book on Water resources

Resources for Smart Geonerds

Water Footprint calculator - how bad are you?

Global Water Trends - what are the main highlights in 2023?

World In Data: If you want a 7 - This is the page you need to look at and focus on the patterns and trends. Take some screenshots of the different graphs.

Patterns and Trends in Food and Land

- including changing diets in middle-income countries

Resources for this lesson:

Task 1: Download Document. to fill in.

2. Read Chapters from the book links at top of page.

3. Read Articles on right and map

4. Listen to the podcast

5. Watch Videos.

food and land

Map - from famine to obesity - describe the patterns that emerge

The Guardian - How middle-income countries became fat – podcast [3 February 2015] | Transcript

Add specific information about the changes in your case studies consumption habits using the fantastic interactive below.

National Geographic - What the World Eats > Meat Consumption

Patterns and Trends in Energy:

- including the relative and changing importance of hydrocarbons, nuclear power, renewables, new sources of modern energy

Energy patterns 2018 geog

All:- General Notes - complete this document using pages 93-95 of oakes book

Individual Task: Download planning Document - Energy Analysts - Use this document and the presention TEMPLATE to create your Energy Analyst presentation on PATTERNS and TRENDS in Energy.

Make sure you summarise the effects of Covid and other shocks such as Ukraine war on Energy trends.

Resources:

The best places to look for data on current energy trends are the Annual BP energy IReview.

Our World In Data - The global Energy Mix (fantastic to get overall patterns_
Our World in Data - Energy (general look at patterns)
Blog summary of IEA - International Energy Agency - Energy Outlook - 2024
BP energy Outlook - 2024 - good overview
Bloomberg energy outlook - v good charts.
McKinsey Global Energy Perspective 2024 - very good overview
China's Energy Mix
China - Country Energy profile- fantastic from IEA
CNBC - BP says dramitic shift from fossil fuels by 2050
Commodities prices - crude oil

Help with some one of the explanations.

One of the things you will see is that the USA has gone from a stage of decreasing to increasing energy security as a result of the technology of FRACKING?

Fracking Explained simply - 45 seconds

Make sure you understand some of the other aspects of Energy. e.g.

role of biofuel, waste to energy
Pros and cons of different types of energy.

End of Section Summary Tasks

Once you have finished this section of the syllabus, you should be able to answer all these questions. Go on then, how a go in pairs. Describe how you would go about doing this!
Use this document to answer questions