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2. Impacts of changing trends in resource consumption
How pressure on resources affects the future security of places
The water–food–energy “nexus” and how its complex interactions affect:
national water security, including access to safe water
national food security, including food availability
national energy security, including energy pathways and geopolitical issues
The implications of global climate change for the water–food–energy nexus
Detailed examples of two countries with contrasting levels of resource security
The disposal and recycling of consumer items, including international flows of waste
Synthesis, evaluation and skills opportunities
How perspectives on, and priorities for, national resource security vary between places and at different scales
Task 2: Nexus thinking the Hexagon way
Task 2: Nexus thinking the Hexagon way
Objective: to gain and understanding of the complexities of 'The Nexus' and how its complex interactions affect:
national water security, including access to safe water
national food security, including food availability
national energy security, including energy pathways and geopolitical issues
Task - Instructions in Presentation - Building up an understanding of a Nexus approach through hexagon sets (source: Geographypods)
Guide to Nexus Thinking - (easy to read)
The implications of global climate change for the water–food–energy nexus
The implications of global climate change for the water–food–energy nexus
Introduction: Must Read - Pages 96-104 of Student Book (coffee cover)
Task 1: Be able to talk for 3 minutes using examples about how national food, water and energy securities are interlinked.
The value of Nexus Thinking for Resource Management -
Download this document and work on it in relation to this section of the syllabus.
CASE STUDY1: MALAWI - Examining synergies in the WFE nexus
Synergy - this is an interaction or cooperation giving rise to a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts.
Describe the food-water-energy linkages mentioned in Malawi.
2. Explain how a new style of cooking stove is an example of nexus thinking and will benefit the country that is facing greater water insecurity as a result of climate change..
Extra resources Malawi:
Guardian photos and article
Climate Change and the WFE Nexus
Page 95-97 of Student book: - make notes on this.
Rising temperatures can expand sea water and cause rising sea levels to encroach on low lying fresh water supplies in Bangladesh.
Those same rising temperatures, combined with decreasing precipitation levels, can lead to drought in places like California, Sudan, Somalia, and Australia. This drought could lead to crop failures and famine.
Because these changes to water and temperature levels can impact our water and food security, that means they will also affect our energy security, since they are all linked together.
These impacts of climate change will certainly vary around the globe, based on the actual climate changes, levels of economic development, the latitude of a place, and the vulnerability of the population.
In this section, we will take a look at the impacts of climate change on resource security in the Hindu Kush
Case Study: Water-food-energy Nexus and changing climate in the Hindu Kush.
Case Study: Water-food-energy Nexus and changing climate in the Hindu Kush.
The concept of the food, water, and energy nexus is extremely relevant to Asia as the region has to feed two-thirds of the world’s population (4.14 billion people) and accounts for 59% of the planet’s water consumption.
- Two Kalashi girls overlook the view in Bamburat village during the annual Chilam Joshi festival in the Hindu Kush region (Omer Imran)
With just 3% of the world’s land, South Asia has about one-fourth of the world’s population (1.6 billion people). Rice and wheat, the staple foods in the subregion, require huge amounts of water and energy.
Freshwater, once abundant, is under growing stress due to the increased demand for competing uses, and climate change is creating additional uncertainties.
About 20% of the population of South Asia lacks access to safe drinking water. The increase in water stress and water demand raises questions about how to ensure enough water for growing food without losing hydro- power for energy security.
About 1.3 billion people in South Asia rely on freshwater obtained directly or indirectly from the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountain systems.
TASK: Outline why a nexus approach to resource management is important for the Hindu Kush region of South Asia and what effect climate change will have on the Nexus.
Sources of Information -
Use the summary pages of 162-164 from the revision book (smaller green book) the video above and a bit here
Essay prep: “We can no longer approach the management of our key resources in isolation. A nexus-based approach is required for a future with a changing climate.” Discuss this statement. [10]
The essay here was written in 2018 by an ex student called Sayona - an essay she wrote on the title: - Note this is very long - you wont be able to do this in timed conditions but it has some interesting points.
Really Good TedTalk to finalise your understanding
Sustainable Nation: Recommended site to look at - focus on how Israel has attained water security.
Detailed examples of two countries with contrasting levels of resource security
Detailed examples of two countries with contrasting levels of resource security
Note Taking framework: Document to fill out
Task = take notes and then answer a 5 paragraph essay essay entitled -
Compare and contrast the national resource security of two countries that you have studied [10 marks]
Command Term:
COMPARE and CONTRAST: (AO3): Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout
Page to Go on: https://www.geographyalltheway.com/in/ib-global-change/03-007-water-food-energy.htm
Username: Cisins
Password: Canadian
The disposal and recycling of consumer items, including international flows of waste
The disposal and recycling of consumer items, including international flows of waste
Concepts: The process of recycling creates possibilities for increased global interactions. The movement of waste can often pass from wealthier to poorer places.
Option 1: Make a copy of the presentation on the right and add notes as you go through them.
Option 2 - Go through this document and follow links to add notes. using this template
An analysis of the disposal and recycling of consumer items, including international flows of waste.
Notes to add: Why Have polluting industries relocated to the developing world?
Initially due to financial considerations of cost in terms of labour
Advances in transport e.g. containerisation and telecommunications
Importantly, countries that are less developed tend to have fewer environmental controls.
Theoretically this idea is represented in the diagram of the Environmental Kuznets Curve on the right.
Domestic Waste - The International flow of waste
Domestic Waste - The International flow of waste
Until recently China imported more than 3 million tonnes of waste plastic and 15 million tonnes of paper and cardboard each year. A third of the UKs waste plastic and paper was exported to china each year.
Research: The Effect of Chinas ban on other PLACES
Singapore and plastic recycling - Where is it headed?
Landfill - The worst rubbish tips in the world
International flows of E-Waste
International flows of E-Waste
Task - create a short presentation case study on E-Waste exports to Ghana
Task - create a short presentation case study on E-Waste exports to Ghana
Articles - contain good specific data on the International Flow of E-waste
The However Section: Sometimes countries, organisations, environmental groups get together to stop this. Global interactions in this case helps to improve environmental issues. In this article from Interpol it shows the effect of different countries working together - summarise it in one paragraph.
Interpol: Hazardous materials seized in largest global operation against illegal waste
The positive aspects of Agbonboshie - we need ewaste for a circular econonomy
Possibilities: Do we have to keep throwing away our phones - The Fairphone
Singapore and Waste Management
Singapore and Waste Management
Resources
Waste Management in Singapore - good starter document
NEA statistics - Waste management in Singapore
Towards Zero Waste Nation - plan including some of the initiatives such as Tuas nexus plant.
Create a summary of the Tuas Waste-water-energy nexus integrated waste management facility.
Level 7 Optional Task -
Level 7 Optional Task -
Create a Case study on Singapore and Waste Management using the following titles.
Create a Case study on Singapore and Waste Management using the following titles.
Process: Discuss the amount of waste that is produced in Singapore and the process of management of this waste.
Spatial interactions: Discuss how China's ban on imports of waste has affected Singapores ability to recycle. Evaluate how effective is recycling in Singapore.
Possibilities - Possible futures of waste management using Nexus thinking -
E Waste management in Singapore - Zero. Nation
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