Changi Follow Up Page 2020

Do I have to use Statistics?

Of course - the best IA's have statistics - you have to think what type of statistics are most valid - https://www.geoib.com/statistics.html

Useful Documents and Sites for ideas on Data Presentation:

1. Tips for fieldwork data presentation for GCSE

2. Beach Profile Creator - with a lot of other great things on this site

3. Another "how to" data present beach data site.

4. Video - How to create a beach profile by hand. Note best to use graph paper.

5. Full page on data creation methods - Barcelona fieldwork

6. Check List (see below)

Coastal vegetation - from Nparks - the Flora of Singapore

This is the spontaneous vegetation that establishes on land adjacent to the sea. It can be found along the few remnant natural sandy shores (Fig. 19) and rocky shores or cliffs (Fig. 20) of Singapore, e.g. at Labrador Nature Reserve, Changi and Coney Island, as well as offshore islands such as Pulau Semakau, St. John’s Island, Sisters’ Islands and Pulau Tekukor. Lowlying coastal plants such as Canavalia cathartica Thouars, Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. and Ischaemum muticum L. can be found on sandy shores nearer to the sea. At the back of the sandy shores, where the soil substrates are more consolidated, the vegetation becomes taller, and coastal shrubs and trees such as Casuarina equisetifolia L., Planchonella obovata (R.Br.) (Yee et al.) Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell and Ximenia americana L. are found. On rocky shores or cliffs, plants such as Fagraea auriculata Jack, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. and Tristaniopsis obovata (Benn.) can be found.

Land reclamation in Singapore is typically carried out in the shallower areas of the sea along the coast (Tan et al., 2010). The unmanaged or spontaneous vegetation growing on it is influenced by the type of fill material used. If the fill-material is marine sand, then the plant community will be similar to the sandy shore vegetation as described above. If subsoil is used, then it will be more similar to the exotic-dominated waste-woodlands. In addition, reclaimed lands are also planted with hardy fast-growing trees that can tolerate the brackish and/or sandy conditions, e.g. Casuarina equisetifolia, Terminalia catappa and Acacia auriculiformis (Er et al., 2016). This often develops into almost monospecific stands of Casuarina forest (Fig. 21) with exotic understorey shrubs such as Lantana camara L. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. This can be observed in the reclaimed part of Coney Island, Changi and Tanah Merah. If no planting is carried out, then the reclaimed area will be very similar to waste-woodland where exotic tree species are common, e.g. Acacia auriculiformis, Leucaena leucocephala and Mimosa pigra.