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The femur is the longest bone in the body:
The head of the femur is the proximal, spherical structure that articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
The neck of the femur is the cylindrical strut of bone that attaches the head of the femur to the shaft of the femur. A common site of femoral fracture.
The greater trochanter of the femur is a roughened prominence that extends superiorly from the shaft of the femur just lateral to the region where the neck joins the shaft.
The lesser trochanter of the femur is inferior and medial to the greater trochanter and has a blunt conical shape. It is joined to the greater trochanter by the intertrochanteric crest.
The linea aspera is a roughened crest that runs longitudinally along the posterior surface of the femur.
The medial condyle is the smooth, rounded surface at the distal end of the femur that articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia at the knee joint.
The medial epicondyle is the raised bone just proximal to the medial condyle. The adductor tubercle is a prominent feature of the medial epicondyle.
The lateral condyle is the smooth, rounded surface at the distal end of the femur that articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia at the knee joint.
The lateral epicondyle is the raised bone just proximal to the lateral condyle.
Figure 4.2 Anterior and posterior view of right femur.
The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. The patella develops within the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris.
The tibia is the medial and larger of the two bones of the leg, it articulates with the femur at the knee joint.
The medial condyle and lateral condyle of the tibia are expanded surfaces at the proximal end of tibia where the condyles of the femur and tibia articulate.
The tibial tuberosity is a raised area of bone on the anterior, proximal surface of the tibia. Attachment site of the quadricpes femoris mm.
The soleal line (popliteal line) is a roughened oblique line on the posterior aspect of the tibia, for attachment of the soleus m.
The medial malleolus is a bony protruberance on the medial, distal end of the tibia. The bump you can see and feel on the medial aspect of your ankle.
The fibula is the smaller, lateral bone of the leg. It does not bear weight and is not part of the knee joint.
The head of the fibula is the bony expansion at the proximal end of the bone.
The lateral malleolus is the expanded distal end of the bone, the bump you see and feel on the lateral aspect of the ankle.
Figure 4.3 Anterior and posterior view of the tibia and fibula.
The foot contains 26 bones.
There are 7 tarsal bones that form the ankle.
The talus is most superior, and articulates with the tibia to form the hinge joint of the ankle.
The calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal bones and form the heel of the foot.
The navicular is medial, and just anterior to the talus, while the cuboid is lateral and just anterior to the calcaneus.
Anterior to the navicular are the 3 cuneiform bones, the medial, intermediate, and lateral.
There are 5 metatarsal bones in the foot. Number 1 is the great toe (hallux) and number 5 is the little toe.
The hallux is composed of 2 phalanges, while the digits 2-5 all are made up of 3 phalanges.
Figure 4.4 Bones of the foot, superior view.
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