Reference: Line Types
Reference: Types of 2D and 3D Drawings
Reference: Orthographic Drawing Flat Layout with Dimension Locations
Reference: Section Types and Descriptions
Reference: Auxiliary Views
Reference: Detail Views
2D- Orthographic
represents a three-dimensional object using several two-dimensional views of the object.
Multi-View: 1 or more 2 dimensional views that are orthographically projected from each other (i.e. the edges/points of one view will align to an edge or point of an adjacent view)
6 Principle Views
Front, Back, Right Side, Left Side, Top, Bottom
3 Primary Views
Front, Top, Right Side
3 Dimensions
Length, Height, Depth
Each view can see only 2 of the 3 Dimensions
Front: Length and Height
Top: Length and Depth
Right Side: Height and Depth
Sections: is an imaginary cut along a linear plane to show interior details of an object.
Most objects are laid as a working drawing using multiview(s) with hidden edges/surfaces. When an object becomes more complex, as in the case of an automobile engine block, a clearer presentation of the interior can be made by sketching the object as it would look if it were cut apart, making the once hidden lines object/visible edges. In that way, the many hidden lines on the sketch are eliminated. The process of sketching the internal configuration of an object by showing it cut apart is known as sectioning. Sectioning is used frequently on a wide variety of Industrial drawings, where it would be advantageous to see interior details.
Parts to a Section
Cutting Plane
A surface cut by the saw in the drawing above is a cutting plane. Actually, it is an imaginary cutting plane taken through the object, since the object is imagined as being cut through at a desired location.
Cutting Plane Line
A cutting plane is represented on a drawing by a cutting plane line. This is a heavy long-short-short-long kind of line terminated with arrows. The arrows in show the direction of view.
Section Lining (Cross Hatching)
They are found on most sectional views, and indicate the surface which has been exposed by the cutting plane. Each Material type has its own pattern to represented on a drawing (see attached file). General Cross Hatching Spacing is 1/8" x 45 degrees
a. Full: When a cutting plane line passes entirely through an object in a straight linear line
b. Half: If the cutting plane is passed halfway through an object, and one-quarter of the object is removed from the 3D model results in an orthographic view that is half cut
c. Offset: including several features in a single section of an object that are not in a straight line
d. Revolved: shows the shape of an object by rotating a section 90 degrees to face the viewer
e. Removed: A section removed from its normal projected position in the standard arrangement of views. (View is no longer aligned with any other views. Used when space does not allow for a view to be placed in alignment with adjacent views)
f. Aligned: include angled elements in a section, the cutting plane may be bent at an angle so that it passes through those features. The user then imagines the features into alignment to form a linear cutting plane line so all of the features when projected show up True Size on the section view.
g. Broken: Non-Linear cut with no cutting plane line. Appears that the object has had a piece removed freely.
Auxiliaries: is an orthographic view that is projected into any plane other than one of the six primary views to show a feature in True Length or Size.
Detail Views: A detail view is an enlarged, separate representation of a specific feature or area within a larger technical drawing or digital interface. Its primary purpose is to provide additional clarity and information for complex parts that might not be easily discernible in the main, smaller-scale view
3D- Pictorial
Oblique
Line Direction: Horizontal, Vertical and 45 Degree Extrusion
Length: Horizontal
Depth: 45 Degree Angle based on Horizontal Line
Height: Vertical
Perspective
1-Point: Line Direction:
Length: 30 Degrees Up to the Left
Depth: 30 Degrees Up to the Right
Height: Perpendicular/Vertical
(NOTE: 2-Point and 3-Point are also types of perspective drawings)
Isometric
Line Direction: Base on Horizontal Line
Length: 30 Degrees Up to the Left
Depth: 30 Degrees Up to the Right
Height: Perpendicular/Vertical