In this guided inquiry activity, students explore the role of melanocytes and melanin in the skin and the synthesis of Vitamin D. Students will explore the adaptive advantage and disadvantage of dark and light skin, then apply that knowledge by recommending interventions for brief scenarios involving skin color and lifestyle or health conditions. This activity is suitable for a flipped classroom or as an activity in a traditional classroom. Informal student feedback has been positive with students stating it helped them to understand the role of melanin, the synthesis of Vitamin D, and the advantages and disadvantages of dark and light skin.