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Learning outcomes for this module as of Fall 2019:
Please note: There are currently no existing teaching tips that have yet been identified as being associated with this module.
Topic from HAPS Guidelines (in bold font)
Learning Outcomes (indented, regular font)
Note: HAPS recognizes that there is a great deal of variability in length and depth of coverage of embryology. The learning outcomes listed below are for those courses that include an embryology component in their human anatomy and physiology class. Due to the variability in coverage, the HAPS Anatomy and Physiology Exam does not ask any questions about the embryology topics listed below.
1. Timeline of human development
1. Define the pre-embryonic period, embryonic period, and fetal period, and describe the main events that occur in each.
2. Conception through week 2 (bilaminar germinal disc)
1. Describe the process and events of fertilization.
2. Describe the changes that occur from zygote to morula to blastocyst.
3. Explain the timing and importance of cleavage.
4. Compare and contrast the locations and end fates of the embryoblast (inner cell mass) and the trophoblast of the blastocyst.
5. Explain the process and timing of implantation.
6. *Describe the process by which the embryoblast transforms into a bilaminar germinal disc.
7. Describe the formation and functions of the extraembryonic membranes (i.e., amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion).
8. List the maternal and fetal components of the placenta.
3. Embryonic period
1. Define the process and timing of gastrulation.
2. Identify the three primary germ layers resulting from gastrulation, and the major structures formed from each primary germ layer.
3. Define organogenesis.
4. Define neurulation and state when this process occurs.
5. Describe how a neural plate is transformed into a neural tube and explain how neural crest cells are formed.
6. Compare and contrast the adult fates of the neural tube and the neural crest cells.
7. *Describe the processes of craniocaudal and lateral folding of the embryo.
4. Fetal period
1. Describe the major events of the fetal period.