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Learning outcomes for this module as of Fall 2019:
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Topic from HAPS Guidelines (in bold font)
Learning Outcomes (indented, regular font)
1. List the components of the integumentary system.
2. Describe the general functions of the integumentary system and the subcutaneous layer.
1. Identify and describe the tissue type making up the epidermis.
2. Identify and describe the layers of the epidermis, indicating which are found in thin skin and which are found in thick skin.
3. Compare and contrast thin and thick skin with respect to location and function.
4. Describe the processes of growth and keratinization of the epidermis.
5. Identify and describe the dermis and its layers, including the tissue types making up each dermal layer.
6. Identify and describe the subcutaneous layer, including the tissue types.
7. Describe the factors that contribute to skin color.
3. Roles of specific tissue layers of skin and the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis or superficial fascia)
1. Describe the functions of the epidermis.
2. Explain how each of the five layers, as well as each of the following cell types and substances, contributes to the functions of the epidermis: stem cells of the stratum basale, keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells, tactile (Merkel) cells and discs, keratin, and extracellular lipids.
3. Describe the functions of the dermis, including the specific function of each dermal layer.
4. Describe the functions of the subcutaneous layer.
5. Describe the thermoregulatory role played by adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer.
4. Structure and function of epidermal derivatives (accessory structures of the integument)
1. List the epidermal derivatives of the integument.
2. Describe the structure and function of hair.
3. Describe the structure and function of nails.
4. Describe the structure and function of exocrine glands of the integumentary system.
5. Describe the growth cycles of hair follicles and the growth of hair.
6. Explain the physiological significance of the presence or absence of sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and hair in the skin of the palms and fingers.
5. Application of homeostatic mechanisms
1. Explain how the integumentary system maintains homeostasis with respect to thermoregulation and water conservation.
2. Explain how the integumentary system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
6. Predictions related to disruption of homeostasis
1. Given a factor or situation (e.g., second-degree burns [partial-thickness burns]), predict the changes that could occur in the integumentary system and the consequences of those changes (i.e., given a cause, state a possible effect).
2. *Given a disruption in the structure or function of the integumentary system (e.g., blisters), predict the possible factors or situations that might have caused that disruption (i.e., given an effect, predict possible causes).
Note: An asterisk (*) preceding a learning outcome designates it as an optional, advanced learning outcome. The HAPS A&P Comprehensive Exam does not address these optional learning outcomes.