PS.2.1.1
Carry out investigations to illustrate examples of matter that can change from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a solid by heating and cooling.
Embedded Files
District Recommended Resources for 2nd Grade Science
Changes
How Much Can it Hold?
Solids and Liquids
Changes of Water
Activity Packs are available for purchase. Full Kit rental options are also available. See your administrator.
Science Phenomena Resources
Next Generation Science Standards YouTube Channel
Step 1: Lesson Standards & Learning Goals
Dimension 1:
SEP: Plan and Carry Out Investigations:
With teacher guidance, students plan and conduct investigations to predict and observe how matter changes states.
Dimension 2:
CCC: Patterns
Dimension 3:
Disciplinary Core Ideas:
Different kinds of matter exist (e.g. wood, metal, water), and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature. Heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed. Sometimes these changes are reversible (e.g., melting and freezing), and sometimes they are not (e.g., baking a cake, burning fuel) (A Framework for K-12 Science Education).
Sample Essential Questions
Sample Essential Questions
How does matter change?
What changes happen to a solid when it is melted?
What changes happen to a liquid when it is frozen?
What causes matter to change states (forms)?
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
cooling
freezing
heating
liquid
mass
matter
melting
physical property
solid
Students will be able to...
Students will be able to...
Conduct investigations (with teacher guidance) with different solids and liquids that can be melted or frozen and the reverse being observed to show the changes between the two states of matter.
Explain that a solid is a form of matter that maintains its own shape.
Explain that a liquid is a form of matter that takes the shape of its container.
Give examples of solid and liquid matter that can readily change states (e.g., water, chocolate, wax).
Asking Questions & Defining Problems - Students ask questions based on observations in order to find more information about how matter changes from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a solid.
Analyzing & Interpreting Data - Students use their observations to understand that a solid melts into a liquid and a liquid freezes into a solid state. Students compare their predictions to what actually occurred.
Constructing Explanations & Designing Solutions - Students use the information they gained from their investigations to explain that matter changes states from solid to liquid and from liquid to solid.
Students will know...
Students will know...
A solid is a form of matter that maintains its own shape.
A liquid is a form of matter that takes the shape of its container.
Adding heat to a solid can cause it to melt and change into a liquid.
Taking away heat (or cooling) a liquid can cause it to freeze and change into a solid.
Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space.
Mass is the amount of matter that makes up an object.
Step 2: Assessment
Formative Assessments
Formative Assessments
Writing Prompts
Journal Prompts:
Explain what changes happen to a solid when it is melted.
Explain what changes happen to a liquid when it is frozen.
List examples of melting and freezing that may take place in your home.
Letter Writing: Write a letter to a friend explaining what you learned about water freezing from the Ice Cream in a Bag experiment. Include details about what changes you observed.
Informational Prompt: How is a Crayon created?
Read "The Crayon Man" by Natasha Biebow (Check out from STEM lab.)
Watch video: How a Crayon is Made
Incorporate thinking maps (flow chart) for planning their writing.
Produce a brochure explaining how crayons are made. Include the changes in states of matter and content vocabulary.
Mini Projects and Investigations
Merge Cube Exploration - Reversible Change
Ask questions throughout the experiment. Questions such as "What do you think the salt will do?" are included in the instructions.
Matter Learning Stations - See What's the Matter in Mr. Whisker's Room Activities
Culminating Activity
Informational Prompt:
Provide students with a mini Hershey bar. Think-Pair-Share: How do you think this Hershey bar made?
Tell students they will watch a video and should think about these questions: What states of matter might I see in the video? What changes might happen with the chocolate? What causes the changes?
Watch video: Inside Hershey's Chocolate Factory
Use a flow map to plan the writing. (This will help students keep the changes in sequence. cocoa beans/powder to liquid chocolate to solid bars
Produce an informational text (brochure, infographic, etc.) explaining how Hershey bars are made. Include changes in states of matter (cocoa beans/powder heated to liquid chocolate and then cooled to solid bars) and content vocabulary (solid, liquid, heating, cooling).
Extension: What might happen if the chocolate bar is left in the sun? What might happen if it is placed in the freezer?
Enjoy the chocolate treat! (Be mindful of food allergies.)
Step 3: Lesson Instructions
Possible Activating Strategies
Possible Activating Strategies
Printable-Circle-Map-Template-Free.pdfGraphic Organizers
Circle Map - Brainstorm items that will melt.
Circle Map - Brainstorm items that will freeze.
Video Clip
(The Science Penguin)
Additional Literacy Connections
epic!
Many Kinds of Matter: A Look at Solids, Liquids, and Gases
The Nature of Matter
Read Alouds
Stille, D. (2004.) Matter: See it, touch it, taste it, smell it.
Hanson, A. (2011). Melting matter.
Zoehfeld, K.W. (2015). What is the world made of? All about solids, liquids and gasses.
Mason, A. (2006). Change it! Solids, liquids, gases and you.
Braun, E. (2012). Joe-Joe the wizard brews up solids, liquids and gases.
Nelson, R. (2003) Freezing and Melting (Frist Step Nonfiction - Water).
Greathouse, L. (2010) Melting and Freezing (Science Readers: A Closer Look).
ReadWorks
Comparing Solids
Solids and Liquids
YouTube
Teacher Resources
Teacher Resources
All About Ice - information/explanations to aid understanding for teachers, can be shared with students as needed. There is an experiment listed.
Dr. Seuss' Oobleck Recipe (Child Friendly)
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