Degree Study 2

Features of Research Degrees

Created on 15Mar2021 the MoonDay (辛丑年二月初三日·文昌帝君诞)

Updated on 27Mar2021 the MetalDay (辛丑年二月十五日·太上老君诞·岳帅诞)

Degree Study

| Degree Study System (学位制度) | Youth Opting | Types of IP |

Features of Research Degrees

[1] Purpose of research degrees: To train, recognize, or certify one with capability in problem-solution approach, for new solution(s) of either old problem type or new problem type, or both, preferably as independent as possible.

[2] Novel work of research degree at lower level is extendable to research degree at higher level, such as from master’s degree to normal doctorate, and normal doctorate to higher doctorate.

[3] Dimension of minimally required novel solution(s): For knowledge discipline in an old or new career field, it is a point like a stepping stone for master’s degree; a line like a connected inch-like path for normal doctorate; or a surface like a farming area for higher doctorate.

[4] From normal doctorate towards higher doctorate, points and lines accumulate to form isolated or connected tree(s) towards a surface as niche area. So, when one has chance to meet with a full/associate professor or fellow, do be aware of the fellow’s most significant contributions in problem-solution approach. The contribution may be of type new problem model, magnifying old solution model for magnified new problem, or new solution model.

[5] For the evaluation of contribution impact (or urgency, importance, significance) of proposed new solution(s) in the thesis of research degree, it is alike the principle of economics for demand and supply in mass production, in which it is based on user type for quality and user amount for quantity. One of the famous examples is the criteria of annual award of all the six Nobel Prizes. Another example is the honourable recognition as a fellow in a well-known academy.

[6] Novel solution(s) in the research thesis has copyright protection, or may have patent protection, in a country and its cooperating geo-political regions. Both copyright and patent of novel solution have exclusive rights given to the author or inventor. Hence, a research thesis shall be open for public access within its recognized geo-political regions, together with openness to possible request of non-commercial or commercial usages of novel solution under reasonable charges or fair uses. Otherwise, due to non-recognition, competitiveness, or enmity, residents of a foreign country, a competitor, or an enemy may develop the same or other novel solution to solve the similar problem on the basis of local novelty or non-obviousness.

[7] If one is to keep confidential information or trade secret, it shall have not been any part of the contents of a research thesis. This is because only publicly disclosed novel solution can act as a prior art to challenge the novelty of a future work like copyright of research thesis or patent of invention. Thus, novel solution of a research degree of a university is in analogy with a machine of a factory in the industrial economy to keep on creating new knowledge and recognizing its originator under intellectual property (IP) laws, like copyright, patent, etc.

[8] If one is to keep confidential information and to let also the novel solution to form part of a research thesis in a country, then this granted research degree, its granting university, and its degree holder, shall have stated clearly besides its degree title, that there exists limited local novelty in its research thesis to free other countries from novelty search over the public archives of one’s country. Well-known examples are those novel solutions in the knowledge areas like military and high technology. Samples of degree title with limited local novelty are: M.Phil. (university)(limited local novelty), Ph.D. (university)(limited local novelty), D.Sc. (university)(limited local novelty). Otherwise if these two cents of opinion is not working, then no thesis of research degree shall be restricted from public access to do novelty search at least.

[9] Other than public databases of patent, journal, and conference proceedings in a country, new solution exists also in the form of thesis of research degree. For new solution possibly in general book form, its novelty search needs public concerns.

[10] For novelty search, normally a reader will limit to the abstract (for patent, journal, conference proceedings article, and research thesis), or table of contents (for research thesis and book). For further reading to check the novelty, factors like understanding, time, money, and permission, are the constraints.

[11] For journal and conference proceedings, the term of publisher’s exclusiveness over the novelty space exists. For research thesis, normally research student can only submit and license it to a single university for examination due to exclusiveness of research degree. However, for patent, inventor can submit it to multiple geo-political regions for independent examination. The abstract of journal, conference proceedings article, research thesis, or patent will occupy the novelty space and make the occupied space a prior art to exclude other authors or inventors from doing the similar things.

[12] Danger exists when contents of a research thesis showing the overall picture of a topic has been hidden by a university and author from public access, but abstract is in public disclosure to have occupied a novelty space. Questions here are: (i) About constraint on permission: Can we have local novelty outside the scope of that university or geo-political region to get rid of the accusation of plagiarism? (ii) About constraint on money: Does the copyright price to read the research thesis or research article affordable? (iii) About constraints on understanding and time: How many persons will have and spend sufficient time to understand or review the research thesis or research article?

[13] Research degree, based on novel solution(s) to have overcome some problem(s), can sometimes represent a recognized identity of social respect, depending on how useful the solution is, or its contribution coverage, or its significant effect(s).

[14] The English language words of “salutation” and “solution” are a pair of euphony. “Soluble” and “solve” have the same origin. A chemical substance soluble in another liquid substance figuratively means that a problem can be settled in a solution set and disappear from blocking the eyesight. Euphony of quatrain is one of the most favourites of top literati (aka literary intelligentsia) of Indo-European languages. Here for old or new solution, as long as it is valuable, then the originator of solution deserved salutation. One of the best cases is to have created a new career field. This forms the basis of research degrees at the university, and research degrees further support the education system at lower levels like bachelor degree.

[15] Hence, from kindergarten to primary school, to secondary school, and to tertiary school like college and university, a closed loop control system with negative feedback has been developed.

[16] The ranks of research degrees at the university are alike the ranks of Jedi in movie series called “Star Wars”. For other entities, like individual, family, company, co-operative society, academy, government, etc., do you think that the ranks of Jedi system can also be similarly initialized and recognized?

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Created on 23 July 2007

Ended-1 on 27 August 2014

Ended-2 06 January 2015

Ended-3【火鸡年正月十二木天：查晗破晓 】 WoodDay 09 February 2017

Ended-4 on 15 March 2021 the MoonDay (辛丑年二月初三日·文昌帝君诞)

Updated on 15 March 2021 the MoonDay

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