Introduction

Augusto Boal

Augusto Boal, the inventor of 'Forum Theatre', ‘Image Theatre', 'Invisible Theatre' has challenged many preconceptions of what theatre is about.

The Brazilian director was raised in Rio de Janeiro. He was formally trained in chemical engineering and attended Columbia University in the late 1940's and early 1950's. Although his interest and participation in theatre began at an early age, it was just after he finished his doctorate at Columbia University that he was asked to return to Brazil to work with the Arena theatre in Sao Paulo. His work at the Arena theatre led to his experimentation with new forms of theatre that would have an extraordinary impact on traditional practice.

‘The theatre is a weapon, and it is the people who should wield it.’

Originally, audiences were invited to discuss a play at the end of the performance. In so doing, according to Boal, they remained viewers and 'reactors' to the action before them. In the 1960's Boal developed a process whereby audience members could stop a performance and suggest different actions for the actors, who would then carry out the audience suggestions. But in a now legendary development, a woman in the audience was once so outraged that the actor could not understand her suggestion that she came onto the stage and showed what she meant. For Boal this was the birth of the spect-actor (not spectator) and his theatre was transformed. He began inviting audience members, with suggestions for change onto the stage, to demonstrate their ideas. In so doing, he discovered that through this participation the audience members became empowered not only to imagine change but to actually practise that change, reflect collectively on the suggestion, and thereby become empowered to generate social action. Theatre became a practical vehicle for grass-roots activism.


Want to know a bit more? Watch this brief video!

Training

The exercises that Boal collected, devised or adapted serve as an actor's training. These include:

  • muscular exercises
  • sensory exercises
  • memory exercises
  • imagination exercises
  • emotion exercises.