Travel Industry Tools Updates

OPEN JAW WITH SIDE TRIP
An open jaw itinerary with an additional round-trip from one of the cities on the itinerary.

OPEN TICKET
A ticket valid for travel between specified points without a reservation or a specific flight number.

ORIGIN
The initial starting point

The first ticketed point in the routing
It is a fare construction point
Usually, in the country of commencement of travel (COC)

ORIGINAL OPEN JAW JOURNEY (OOJ)
When passenger is taking the surface at the origin point is called Original Open Jaw Journey (OOJ).

Code: OOJ
Fare: OW or ½ RT fares
Direction: Actual or Reverse Direction
Check: X

OUTBOUND
The portion of the trip where a passenger is leaving the first city of a flight itinerary and is traveling to a destination

OUTGOING PTA
PTA which involves an MCO or an MPD paid for by the sponsor and its details sent by telex to the ticketing office by the selling airline.

OW SUBJOURNEY
Part of a journey in which travel from one country does not return to that country, and there is an international gap.

PAPER MCO
MCO, which has the following order and background colours:

Audit coupon: green
Agent and extra coupon: pink
Exchange coupons: one to four coupons – light brown

PAPER TICKET
Conventional ticketing normally requires accountable paper documents, but electronic ticketing does not require the issuance of paper value documents.

PASSENGER COUPON
The last coupon for an airline ticket. The coupon is clearly marked and serves as the passenger record for expense reports.

PASSENGER RECEIPT
Portion of the passenger’s ticket and baggage check issued by the carrier, which constitutes the passenger’s written evidence of the contract of carriage.

POINT OF TURNAROUND
The farthest geographical fare break point (between two fare components) from the pricing unit origin.

POINT TO POINT
Refers to the fares between two cities; the service between two cities without additional segments or any continuation.

POINT TO POINT PRICING
Usually occurs when a jet is chartered from a location other than its base; also known as a transient aircraft charter.
Point-to-point pricing is typically the result of an empty leg being chartered for a portion of the primary routing of the original air charter itinerary.

POINT TO POINT ROUTING
Point to point routing means no via point is involved, if itinerary is “point to point” quote the direct fare from origin to the destination.

PRECEDENCE OVER IATA YY FARES
Carrier-specific fares take precedence over IATA YY fares.

When choosing a fare from the origin to the destination, and there is a list of fares that vary by carrier, you need to identify the dominant carrier.
If the significant carrier has not fare of its own, use the YY fares.

PREDOMINANT CARRIER
The airline that flies the longest distance.

PREPAID
Paid in full in advance.

PREPAID TICKET
Ticketing method in which a person or company purchases an airline ticket in one location for a traveller in another.
The traveller picks up the prepaid ticket from the airline ticket counter.

PREPAID TICKET ADVICE (PTA)
Authorization number (document) used by the travel agency to ensure that a fully paid ticket is awaiting the passenger at the airport. Airlines impose a non-refundable service charge for the issuance of such tickets.

PTA SERVICE CHARGE
A PTA service charge, represented by the special code “XP,” is collected by the outgoing PTA office and appears in the “Other Charges” box of the PTA MCO.

PUBLISHED MPM
You can find published MPM in either:-

PAT (Passenger Air Tariff) fare books
Maximum Permitted Mileages book
Fares pages under the "GI / MPM & Routing" column

PURCHASER IN PTA TRANSACTION
The purchaser or sponsor is the one who requests a PTA for another person in another city and pays for such transportation.

RATE OF EXCHANGE (ROE)
The conversion factor for the country of departure is known as the IATA Rate of Exchange. IROE is established by the IATA Clearing House on the 15th of each month based on a five–day average. IROE changes four times a year.
IROE can be used in two ways:-

To convert the NUC to Local Currency, multiply.
To convert the Local Currency Fare (LCF) to NUC, divide.

REBOOKING
Changes to reservations or other changes that do not require ticket reissuance.

REROUTING
Changes to your itinerary (day, time, destination). The rules differ depending on whether you make the changes before or after your first flight.
If you do it before flying, you might have to cancel the ticket and issue a new one.
Once the trip has started, you can only change dates and times, not destinations.

REROUTING AFTER DEPARTURE
One major difference is that after departure, voluntary rerouting is not permitted except to the dates/times of your flights.

REROUTING BEFORE DEPARTURE
At the time the passenger wants to make a change to his/her originating flight, the passenger becomes subject to the fares in effect on the date the change is made for travel on the dates desired.
In other words, the passenger is making a new reservation and is subject to all the rules of the new fare, including advance purchase requirements, ticket purchase deadlines, and minimum/maximum stay requirements.

RESTRICTED TRAVEL DATES
Specific period during which specials fare or rates apply.

RETURN SUBJOURNEY
Part of a journey where travel is from a point / country and return to same point. Fare is assessed as a single pricing unit using ½ RT fares. Journey can be Round Trip + Circle Trip + Open Jaw

RETURN TRIP JOURNEY
In these types of journeys, the first and last cities are the same.
In “Return Trip Journey”, we first have to find the farthest point in the itinerary using geographical knowledge.
After identifying the farthest point, divide that journey into two parts.
First half portion of the itinerary we will call “Outbound”, and the second half portion of the itinerary we will call “Inbound”.
Outbound fares always charge in the “Actual Direction” of travel, but inbound fares always charge in the “Reverse Direction” of travel.
On a return trip, always consider “1/2 RT” fares.
Return Trip Journey is further divided into:

Round Trip Journey (RT)
Circle Trip Journey (CT)
Round The World Journey (RTW)

ROE TABLE
The ROE table shows:-

Country Name
Currency Name
Alphabetical Currency Code
IATA Rate Of Exchange
Rounding Of Units for Local Currency Fares and Other Charges
Decimal Units
Notes

ROUND THE WORLD JOURNEY (RTW)
A Round The World Journey (RTW): when a passenger crosses both the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans and returns to the point of origin.
A round-the-world journey (RTW) can have two or more fare components.
In the Round The World Journey (RTW), outbound global indicators are different from inbound global indicators.
In a Round The World Journey (RTW), the outbound fare is charged in the actual direction of travel, but the inbound fare is always charged in the reverse direction of travel.
In a Round The World Journey (RTW), the outbound fare is not equal to the inbound fare.
Code: RTWFare: ½ Rt FaresDirection: ReverseCheck: RWM – Round The World Minimum Check
A Round The World Journey (RTW): when a passenger crosses both the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans and returns to the point of origin. Can have two or more fare components.
Outbound global indicators are different from inbound global indicators. Outbound fare is charged in the actual direction of travel, but inbound fare is always charged in the reverse direction of travel. Outbound fare is not equal to Inbound fare.

ROUND TRIP
A flight to a single destination and a return.

ROUND TRIP JOURNEY (RT)
A round-trip journey (RT) is a trip from one point to another and back to the original point.
A Round Trip Journey (RT) has only two fare components: the Outbound Fare Component & Inbound Fare Component.
Outbound fare is charged in the actual direction of travel, but the inbound fare is always charged in the reverse direction of travel
Outbound fare is equal to the inbound fare.
RT exceptions: the outbound fare amount may be different from the inbound fare amount, caused by:

Carrier Variations
Seasonality Variations
Class Of Service Variations
Mid-Week or Weekend Variations

Code: RT
Fare: ½ RT Fares
Direction: Reverse
Check: X

A round-trip journey (RT) is a trip from one point to another and back to the original point. It has only two fare components – Outbound Fare Component & Inbound Fare Component.
Outbound fare is charged in the actual direction of travel, but the inbound fare is always charged in the reverse direction of travel. Outbound fare is equal to Inbound fare.

ROUNDING LOCAL CURRENCY FARES
There are two main ways of rounding, namely:

Full adjustment
Half adjustment

ROUNDING OFF UNITS
The units used by different currencies for rounding off are:-

1 + 5 + 10 + 20 + 50 + 100 + 1000
.1 + .01 + .5 + .05

ROUNDING OFF UNITS WITH RULE
When rounding units are “1 + 10 + .1” in that case specifically we have to check the rule, and if rule no. “4 or 5 or 6 or 12 are there in that case if the figure is “49” or less than “49” we will round down the figure and if it’s “50” or more than “50” round up the figure.

ROUNDING UNIT – 0.1
If the rounding of the unit is “.1”, with that rule, no. 4, 5, 6, or 12 is involved in that case; always consider the second digit after the decimal. If it’s five or more than five, in that case, round up the figure; if it’s less than five, round down the figure. If the second digit after the decimal is “Zero”, never use the rounding off units.

ROUNDING UNIT – 1
If the rounding of unit is “1” and with that rule no. 4 or 5 or 6 or 12 is involved in that case always consider two digits after the decimal. If two digits after the decimal are 49 or less than 49, in that case round down the figure and if it is 50 or more than 50 round up the figure.

ROUNDING UNIT – 10
If the rounding of the unit is “10” and with that rule, no. 4, 5, 6, or 12 is involved, always consider one digit before the decimal and one digit after the decimal. If two digits after the decimal are 49 or less than 49, then round down the figure; if it’s 50 or more than 50, then round up the figure.

RT OR CT SPECIAL FARE CONSTRUCTION
After selecting the best Special Fare, you then start calculating the itinerary using the “Normal Fare”. Considering normal fares for Return Trips is mandatory, other than open-jaws.
Return Trips are calculated considering normal fares in order to determine:

Fare Break Point
Whether the journey is a round trip or a circle trip
HIP sectors

RULES FOR CARRIER SELECTION

Area To Area Crossing
Sub Area To Sub Area Crossing
First International Sector
AT / PA Routings To / From USA And Canada
Within Europe

RULES OF FARE TICKET
A normal fare ticket is valid for one year from the date of purchase and from the date of commencement of the journey.
In case of special fares, validity depends on the type of fares used, fare charged
For the age of 12 years and above is adult fare; children between 2 and 12 years pay 50% to 67% of adult fare, infant whose age is less than 2 years pay 10% of adult fare
The age is calculated from the date of commencement of the journey, not from the date of purchase of the ticket, and no cancellation charges are applied to the ticket if the passenger does not show up for the confirmed ticket.

RUSSIAN ROUTE (RU)
Journey between Russia in Europe (Moscow / St. Petersburg) and area 3, with a nonstop sector between “Japan / Korea”.
For the “RU” global indicator, the itinerary has to satisfy 3 conditions:-

Journey should start or end in “Moscow or St. Petersburg”
The rest of the points should be in Area 3
And the very next point / previous point should be in “Japan / Korea”.

SATURDAY NIGHT STAY
The airline requires you to stay over a Saturday night on a trip to obtain the lowest fare.
Usually, there is an advance purchase requirement, as well as other rules that apply, such as travel being limited to certain days of the week.

SURFACE BREAK TPM CHECK (SBTC)
To determine if separate tickets are required for a routing with an international surface sector.
Condition for SBTC check
SBTC is mandatory when the routing has the following conditions:-

Normal fare travel with an international surface sector.
Fare construction based on the calculation of the actual flown portion only, where the surface sector tpm is not added to the TPM calculation.
When SBTC does not apply
Domestic surface sectors
Travel between Canada & USA
For pricing units wholly within Scandinavia
Permissible surface sectors
How to apply the SBTC
Compare the TPM of the first international surface break to the total tpms from the origin of the journey to the start of the surface break.

If there is no tpm published for the surface sector, set its mpm to 1.20. However, if there is no mpm, use the lowest combination of tpms.
If the tpm of the surface sector is greater than the tpm from the origin to the start of the surface break, issue separate tickets.

Manual ticket entry

Void the flight coupon of the surface sector. In the fare calculation box, cross out the portion between the surface sector with an "X".
Automated ticket entry
The code "/-" indicates that this portion is a surface sector and that the TPM of such a sector has been excluded from the mileage calculation.
Close the gap
Apply the through tare construction method
Where the surface sector is treated as if it were flown.
Divide the TPM of such sector by the rest of the tpms of the fare component.

Close the gap – ticketing entries

Void the flight coupon
Enter a diagonal line (/) in the carrier box of the manual fare calculation area, where the gap is closed.
Enter two obliques (//) in the automated ticket, where the gap is closed.

STANDARD CONDITION SC100
Condition which is attached to industry rules for YY special fares.

STANDARD CONDITION SC101
Condition which is attached to industry rules for YY normal fares.

SEASONALITY RULE FOR SPECIAL FARES
Seasonality varies from low to high season. The more common codes are: