Travel Industry Tools Updates

INFANT PASSENGER
An infant is a passenger who has not yet reached 2 years of age and is not occupying a seat. Infant passengers generally pays 10% of the applicable normal adult fare. International travel between Canada and Mexico includes infant travel, which is free of charge.
You may allow only one infant who is not occupying a seat to travel with an adult at such a discounted fare. If the adult passenger is travelling with more than one infant, the other infant needs pay a CHILD fare.

INTERMEDIATE NO STOPOVER POINT
A point where the passenger arrives and departs within 24 hours. It is also known as: transfer connection or connecting point - shown in the itinerary with “X/” code

INTERMEDIATE POINTS
Ticketed via points in between fare construction points. Also called transfer points. Further divided into: intermediate stopover point + intermediate no stopover point

INTERMEDIATE STOPOVER POINT
A point where a passenger arrives at an intermediate point and is scheduled to depart later than 24 hours after arrival.

INTERMEDIATE TICKETED TRANSFER
A point at which a passenger arrives and is scheduled to depart after 24 hours.

JOURNEY
A journey consists of the entire routing included on a ticket and is composed of the following ticketed points:-

Origin
Destination
Intermediate Points – Intermediate Stopover Point + Intermediate No Stopover Point
Fare Component
Pricing Unit
OW Subjourney
Return Subjourney
Unit Origin
Unit Destination

JOURNEY BETWEEN AREA – 2 & 3
When Journey Is Between Area 2 & 3, Four Global Indicators Are Applicable, Such As:-

Eastern Hemisphere (EH)
Trans Siberia (TS)
Far East Route (FE)
Russian Route (RU)

When Any Itinerary Is Not Satisfying The Conditions Of “TS” + “FE” + “RU” In That Case That Itinerary Will Always Be “EH”.
* Eastern Hemisphere (EH)

Journey Within Area 2
Journey Within Area 3
Journey Between Area 2 & 3

* Trans Siberia (TS)

Journey Between Area 2 & 3 With Non-Stop Sector Between Europe And Japan / Korea.

* Far East Route (FE)

Journey Between Russia In Europe (Kiev / Moscow / St. Petersburg) And Area 3 Without Non-Stop Sector Between Japan / Korea.

* Russian Route (RU)

Journey Between Russia In Europe (Moscow / St. Petersburg) And Area 3 With Non Stop Sector Between Japan / Korea.

JOURNEY CONCEPT
Fare calculation formula which is influenced largely by the type of journey.

JOURNEY VIA ATLANTIC OCEAN
When the journey is via the Atlantic Ocean, Two Global Indicators Are Involved:-

South Atlantic (SA)
Trans Atlantic (AT)

When Any Itinerary Is Not Satisfying The Conditions Of “SA” In That Case That Itinerary Will Always Be “AT”.
South Atlantic (SA)

Journey Between South Atlantic And South East Asia Via Atlantic But Via Point Not In Area 2 Other Than Central Africa, Southern Africa And Indian Ocean Islands.

Trans Atlantic (AT)

Journey Via Atlantic Ocean.

JOURNEY VIA BOTH ATLANTIC & PACIFIC OCEANS
When the journey is via both the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans, in that case, only one “Global Indicator” is involved, which is the Trans Atlantic & Pacific (AP)

JOURNEY VIA PACIFIC OCEAN
When the journey is via the Pacific Ocean, Two Global Indicators Are Involved:-

North Pacific (PN)
Trans Pacific (PA)

When Any Itinerary Is Not Satisfying The Conditions Of “Pn” In That Case That Itinerary Will Always Be “Pa”.
North Pacific (PN)

Journey Between South West Pacific And South America Via North America, But Not Via North And Central Pacific.

Trans Pacific (PA)

Journey Via Pacific Ocean.

JOURNEY WITHIN AREA – 1
When Journey Is Within Area 1, Only One Global Indicator Is Applicable: the Western Hemisphere.
Western Hemisphere (WH)

Journey Within Area 1.

LIMITATIONS ON INDIRECT TRAVEL
A Fare Component May Not Include More Than:-

One Departure From Origin
One Arrival At Destination
One Stopover At Any One Intermediate Point

LOCAL COMBINATION
A combination of two fare components to create a single pricing unit.

LOWEST COMBINATION OF TPM
When no air service is available between any two cities. To find out the TPM of two cities, check the via point. For example, if we do not have a Delhi-to-Lahore TPM, then take the Delhi-to-Amritsar and Amritsar-to-Lahore TPMs. By adding both TPM’s, we will get the TPM from Delhi to Lahore.

LOWEST COMBINATION PRINCIPLE (LCP)
Fare calculation, which involves considerable experimentation with various break points in order to achieve the lowest possible fare and it is used:-

When the journey has a total TPM that exceeds the MPM from origin to destination (over 25M)
When there is no published fare or add-on from the origin and destination
When used to avoid high fares and to reduce/eliminate excess mileage surcharges
When there is no published mpm between the origin and the destination of the fare component.
When used as a competitive fare construction technique to quote secondary fares instead of primary fare levels.
When required by a tariff rule, such as those pertaining to limitations on indirect travel.

LOWEST FARE GUARANTEE
Travel agency’s promise to provide clients the lowest fare available when reservation is confirmed.

LOWEST FARE ROUTING (LFR)
The least expensive legal airfare available to the traveller's destination.

MANUAL TICKET
Manual tickets are multi–copy carbonised tickets printed by hand.

MAXIMUM PERMITTED MILEAGE (MPM)
The maximum distance in air miles that the passenger is allowed to travel between the origin and destination of a fare component.

MAXIMUM STAY
The maximum time you may stay at your destination in order to qualify for a specific airfare. Most fares have a 30-day limit, but some have shorter limits. Usually, the longer you stay, the higher the fare will be.

MAXIMUM STAY RULE FOR SPECIAL FARES
The maximum stay date is the ticket's expiry date.

MILEAGE PRINCIPLE
If the itinerary is not a “point-to-point routing” or a “specified routing”, we must take additional steps to determine whether we need to collect more than the direct fare from the origin to the destination. Such steps are called the “Mileage Principle”.
In “Mileage Principle” we measure distance between the cities and compare the fares.

MILEAGE ROUTING
If the itinerary is not a “point to point” or “specified routing”, then “basic elements of the mileage system” will be applicable, such as:

Maximum Permitted Mileage (MPM)
Ticketed Point Mileages (TPM)
Extra Mileage Allowance (EMA)
Excess Mileage Surcharge (EMS)
Higher Intermediate Point Check (HIP)

MILEAGE SYSTEM
An airfare system allowing stopovers up to a specific maximum permitted mileage.

MINIMUM STAY
A fare requirement that requires the passenger to stay for a designated period of time.

MINIMUM STAY DATE
To Interpret This Clause It Is Important To Break It Up Into Three Parts: (1) Number Of Days To Add (2) Counting From When (3) Point Or Area Of Comparison.

Minimum Stay Date In The Ticket
Show The Minimum Stay Date Starting From The Coupon With The Last Stopover Point Where Return Transoceanic Travel Begins. If There Is No Sector With An Ocean Crossing, Show The Minimum Stay Date Starting From The Last Stopover Point Outside The COC.

MINIMUM STAY REQUIREMENTS
The minimum stay date is the earliest day that the passenger can start their return travel.

MINIMUM STAY RULE FOR SPECIAL FARES
The minimum stay date is the earliest day that the passenger can start their return travel.

MULTIPLE PURPOSE DOCUMENT (MPD)
A general-purpose voucher is issued on receipt of extra payments associated with a passenger’s journey. + a form used for the issuance of an interline accountable traffic document other than the ticket. It is a multi-copy carbonised form or a document issued coupon-by-coupon for use by carriers and travel agents. + the multiple purpose document is one of the most versatile accountable documents. It is an excess baggage ticket, a special service ticket, a tour order, a pta, an MCO, and an agent's refund voucher, all rolled into one. It can be used for the manual and automated issuance of interline accountable traffic documents other than tickets, and is valid for one year from the date of issue.

NEUTRAL TICKET
The form of ticket for use by travel agents not bearing any preprinted individual airline identity. If the ticket is issued by a travel agent, then it is called a neutral ticket.

NEUTRAL TICKET STOCK
In neutral ticket stock air carrier name is imprinted at the time of ticket issuance.

NEUTRAL UNIT CURRENCY
A fictitious currency used in calculating international fares.

NEUTRAL UNIT OF CONSTRUCTION (NUC)
Unit of common international value established by IATA to calculate international fares and charges.

NO STOPOVER
The point where the passenger arrives and departs within 24 hours. It is also known as a transfer connection or connecting point.

NO STOPOVER POINT
Staying in via points for less than 24 hours

In the itinerary, it is denoted with “X/” code.

NON-REFUNDABLE TICKETS
Although nonrefundable tickets cannot be returned for a refund, the cost of an unused nonrefundable ticket may be applied to future travel. The airline may charge a change or reissue fee for modifying a non-refundable ticket.

NON SPECIFIC STOPOVER CHARGE
When more than one stopover is allowed with a charge. Additional stopovers in excess of those allowed by the fare.

NORMAL ROUND TRIP
A two-way journey with a fare that does not reflect any special discounts or circumstances, such as a same-day return.

NORTH PACIFIC (PN)
Journey Between South West Pacific And South America Via North America, But Not Via North And Central Pacific.

NUC CONVERSION FACTORS TABLE
The list of IATA exchange rates in the PAT fares book is under section II, currency conversion rates.

ONE WAY
Usually, the fare for a one-way trip is much more expensive than half of the value of a return trip. The exception is low-cost airlines, which often sell only one-way tickets.

ONE WAY FARE COMPONENT
A fare component which can be a point to point routing or a specified routing or a mileage routing.

ONE WAY SUB JOURNEY
Part of a journey in which travel from one country does not return to that country, or in which there is an international gap.

ONE WAY TICKET
A flight that starts in one location and ends in another location, without returning to the starting point.

ONE WAY TRIP
Any trip for which a return leg has not been booked.

OPEN JAW
This is where a passenger flies into one city and departs from another, returning to the original departure point.

OPEN JAW FOR SPECIAL FARES
Travel comprising two international fare components, whereby:

For “turnaround open jaw”, the outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure are different
For “origin open jaw”, the outward point of departure and the inward point of arrival are different
For “single open jaw” either 1 or 2 applies
For “open jaw”, any combination of the above may apply

OPEN JAW JOURNEY (OJ)
Open Jaw Journey (OJ):- When a passenger is taking surface at origin or destination or both at origin/destination, it is called “Open Jaw Journey”. Surface means not travelling by air.
Open Jaw Journey (OJ) is further divided into: