Travel Industry Tools Updates

DOUBLE OPEN JAW JOURNEY (DOJ)
When passenger is taking the surface at both origin & destination point is called as Double Open Jaw Journey (DOJ.)

Code: DOJ
Fare: OW or ½ RT fares
Direction: Actual or Reverse Direction
Check: X

EASTERN HEMISPHERE (EH)
Journey within area 2 + journey within area 3 + journey between area 2 & 3.

ELECTRONIC MCO
An E–MCO is comprised of the following:

Electronic value coupons
Paper audit coupons
Paper agent coupons
Passenger itinerary / receipt
Optional paper charge form

ELECTRONIC TICKET (ETKT)
“Electronic Ticket” does not require the issuance of paper documents. It is a computer-generated ticket, which is sent to the passenger through “E-mail”.
ADVANTAGES OF “ELECTRONIC TICKET (E-TICKET)
False copies of paper tickets and other risks are eliminated.
The passenger is never in physical possession of a ticket and has no opportunity to change the document.
The ticket cannot be lost or stolen.
Distribution of an “Electronic Ticket” to a passenger is easy.
An “Electronic Ticket” can be issued instantly by telephone or online.
PROOF OF IDENTITY
When a passenger travels with an “Electronic Ticket”, they must carry a passport or a national identity card.
Other forms of identity may also be used, such as:-

Driver's license with photo
Employment identity with photo
A credit card was used to purchase the ticket

Other valid credit card
ELECTRONIC TICKET PASSENGER RECEIPTS
“Electronic Ticket” passenger receipts will show the following information:

Fare
Ticket Document
Form of Payment Type

ELECTRONIC TICKETING
Also known as e-ticketing, this is the issuing of a virtual airline ticket to passengers instead of a physical paper one. Check-in procedures simply require the production of either a passenger’s passport, payment card or frequent flyer card. An e-ticket is currently only of benefit to travellers who use one airline throughout their journey, as a passenger wishing to change airlines must have the e-ticket converted to a paper ticket.

END TO END
A combination of two round-trip tickets to form a full itinerary. The first round trip, from A to B and from B to A. The second, from B to C and from C to B. It is used as follows: first, the outward journey of the first ticket (A to B); then the second ticket (B to C and C to B); and then the return journey of the first ticket (B to A). It can be useful to combine two promotional fares for as long as they allow end to end.

END-ON COMBINATION
A combination of two or more pricing units at a fare construction point (not applicable to a combination of fares between the same points)

ENDORSEMENT
Authority for travel documents issued by one carrier to be used for travel on another carrier. The written authority from a carrier or its general sales agent (GSA) to transfer an accountable traffic document (ticket, MCO or MPD) or individual coupons thereof, to another carrier.

E-TICKET
The itinerary / receipt issued by or on behalf of carrier, the electronic coupons and if applicable, a boarding document.

Comes in an electronic file where the ticket information is stored in the issuing airline’s computer system and available to change just like a paper ticket. All data records are accessible within a minimum of 13 months from the date of issue.

Driver's license with photo
Employment identity with photo
A credit card was used to purchase the ticket
Other valid credit card

ELECTRONIC TICKET PASSENGER RECEIPTS
“Electronic Ticket” passenger receipts will show the following information:

Fare
Ticket Document
Form of Payment Type

EXCHANGE ORDER
A document issued by a carrier or its agents requesting issuance of an appropriate ticket or provision of services to the person named in such document.

EXCURSION TICKET
Special airline ticket at a reduced rate and with restricted conditions.

FAR EAST ROUTE (FE)
Journey between Russia in Europe (Kyiv / Moscow / St. Petersburg) and area 3 without a non-stop sector between “Japan / Korea”.
For the “FE” global indicator, the itinerary has to satisfy 3 conditions:-

Journey should start or end in “Kyiv / Moscow / St. Petersburg”
The rest of the points should be in Area 3
And the very next point / previous point should not be in “Japan / Korea”.

FARE APPLICATION

Fares are applicable from the airport of origin to the airport of destination,
Fares are applicable only when international travel commences from the point of origin shown on the passenger document.
If international travel commences from different points, then fares must be reassessed from such points.

FARE BASIS
The specific fare for a ticket at a designated level of service, specified by one or more letters or by a combination of letters and numbers. Example: The letter "Y" designates coach service on an airline

FARE BASIS CODE
Codes on which the price of an airline ticket is based. Some itineraries contain many different codes. Most will indicate whether a fare is refundable. If even one fare code contained in a ticket is nonrefundable, then the entire ticket becomes nonrefundable. Even some first-class fares are now nonrefundable.

FARE BREAK POINT
The destination where a given fare ends.

FARE BUCKET
An allocation of a certain number of seats at a certain fare, as on an airplane

FARE CALCULATION
When the pricing unit is no longer point-to-point or specified routing, we have to calculate fares using the “mileage principle.”

FARE CALCULATION BOX
If we have to make lot of entries and we do not have enough space in “Fare Calculation Box”, in that case create the space above the fare break point by entering three oblique (///) for the extension city code and two (//) for the extension carrier code.

FARE CODE
The seats on a plane are divided according to different fare levels. The amount reserved for each fare level depends on factors such as the time of the day, whether it’s high or low season, the demand for business tickets, the route, and so on. It is important not to mistake the service class (economy, business, first) for the booking class. The same service class can include several different booking classes.

FARE COMPONENT
Portion of the itinerary between two consecutive fare construction points. A journey can have one or more fare components.

FARE CONSTRUCTION
The process whereby various rules are applied to determine a final fare for an airline ticket

FARE CONSTRUCTION POINT
The destination where a given fare ends.

FARE CONSTRUCTION POINTS (FCP)
The terminal points of a fare component (also termed fare break points).

FARE CONSTRUCTION SURFACE SECTOR
Origin or the termination point of a domestic or international surface sector is at a fare construction point, including the origin or destination of a pricing unit.

FARE JOINT
Fare charged by the airline for journey by two or more airline, which is published in single amount.

FARE RULES
To distinguish one fare level from another, the airlines assign special purchasing rules and restrictions. Generally, the lower the fare, the more restrictions it has (such as 21-day advance purchase, Saturday-night stay, or travel on a certain day of the week).

FARE SPECIAL
Other than normal fare.

FARE SPECIFIED
Fare specifically mentioned in tariff book.

FARE TYPE
We have three types of fare:-

First Class
Business Class
Economy Class

It depends on the traveller which type of fare he is able to spend.

FIRST CLASS TICKETS
Tickets, which are fully changeable and refundable.

FIXED CONVERSION RATE (FCR)
A fixed exchange rate between the Euro and the national currencies of EMU countries.

FLIGHT COUPON
The part of a ticket has been completed with details of a journey. Portion of the ticket that bears the notation “good of passage” and indicates the particular places between which the passenger is entitled to be carried. Means the portion of the passenger ticket and baggage check or excess baggage ticket that indicates particular places between which the coupon is valid for carriage. This remains undetected on the ticket until the passenger checks in for travel between the points specified in the “from/to” box. Manual tickets may have 1 to 4 flight coupons, whereas transitional automated tickets have only 4. Flight coupons are also not valid unless accompanied by the related passenger coupon or passenger receipt.

FULL ADJUSTMENT (H)
Means if the figure is 50 or more than 50, then in that case, “Round Up” the figure. Round the currency up to the next higher unit. Represent with the code “H“

FULL ECONOMY TICKET
Tickets that offer flexibility to change dates and even receive a refund if they do not travel.

HALF ADJUSTMENT (N)
Means it: if the figure is 49 or less than 49, then “Round Down” the figure. Round off the currency to the nearest unit. Represent with the code “N“

HALF-ROUND TRIP BASIS
The price of a circle trip is half the sum of its round-trip costs. The cost of A to B, B to C and C to A (A-B-C-A) is half of the cost of the following round trips: A to B and B to A (A-B-A), B to C and C to B (B-C-B) and C to A and A to C (C-A-C).

HALF-ROUND TRIP FARE
Fares in bold typeface are used for return trips, such as round-trip and circle trips; when there is no published rt fare, double the one-way fare to obtain the round-trip amount.
In the absence of a round trip normal fare, the one way normal fare is considered to be a half round trip normal fare.
When to use half RT fares
A pricing unit of not more than 2 international fare components with the open sector in the same country, either at turnaround or origin point
A pricing unit of not more than 2 international fare components with an open sector in the country of turnaround and an open sector in the country of origin
A pricing unit originating in canada or the usa with a surface break permitted between countries in the europe subarea and travel in both directions is via the atlantic.

HIDDEN CITY TICKETING
A ticket from A to C with a stop in B. The passenger gets off at B, which was the intended destination anyway. The ticket is purchased because the fare from A to C is LESS than A to B! Please do not ask a travel agent to do hidden-city tickets; he/she can be seriously penalized for it

HIERARCHY OF SPECIAL FARES
Late booking fare / APEX fare / PEX fare / Excursion fare

HIGH OR PEAK SEASON
The time of year when tourist traffic and rates are usually the highest, as demand is highest.
The period during which tourism is at its highest level.

HIGH SEASON
Also known as Peak Season.
The period of consecutive months during which optimum revenues, room/suite occupancy and average room rates are generated. This is often over the summer months or school holidays.

HIGHER INTERMEDIATE POINT
When a city between the city of origin and the fare break pointhas a higher fare than the destination city, the higher fare must be used

HIGHER INTERMEDIATE POINT FARE CHECK (HIP)
Ensures that the fare in NUC from the fare component origin to the fare component destination is not lower than the NUC from/to any intermediate ticketed point in the same component. It is a fare component check, which means that for each fare component, we have to create a new “HIP Table”. Only the stopover points are considered for the “HIP Check”.
Look for the fare from:-

Origin to intermediate stopover point
An intermediate stopover point to another intermediate stopover point
Intermediate stopover point to the destination

Points to check before making any HIP tables are:-

Age Of The Passenger - All fares which are given in “Fare Sheet” are adult fares, that’s why before making the HIP table, it is important to find out the age of the passenger and if the passenger is a child or infant, in that case we will go to the concerned fare rules point no. 19 (Children and Infants Fares) to find out the discount for a child or infant passenger.
Type Of Journey - Because in “Fare Sheet” we have two types of fare – One Way Fare & Return Fare. If our journey is One Way in that case we will consider One way fares and if it is Return Journey in that case we have to consider return fares.
Class Of Travel - Because fares are given class code wise. There are three classes in the Airlines Industry. F – for First Class / C – for Business Class / Y – for Economy Class. That’s why it is very important to find out the class of travel.
Global Indicator - All fares are provided “Global Indicator” -wise. A Global Indicator is a route the passenger takes in the itinerary. It may be possible to have multiple fares for a single itinerary.

Points to check while making the HIP Table are:-

No stopover point (Not to include any “No Stopover Point” in HIP Check. HIP should be carried out only on “Stopover Points” of the itinerary.)

IATA RATE OF EXCHANGE (IROE)
The rates of exchange notified by IATA to convert local currency fare to NUC and to convert total NUC amounts to the currency of the country of commencement of transportation.
Conversion factor of the country of commencement of travel. This list is established by the IATA Clearing House on a five–day average ending on the 15th of each month. It changes four times a year and remains frozen for three–month periods unless there is a major variation in the currency value of more than 6% in the intervening period.
The conversion factor for the country of departure is known as the IATA rate of exchange. Iroe is established by the IATA Clearing House on a five–day average ending on the 15th of each month. It changes four times a year. Remains frozen for three – month periods unless there is a major variation in currency value by more than 6% in the intervening period.

IMBEDDED SURFACE SECTOR
Domestic or international surface sector within a fare component, but not to or from a fare construction point.

INBOUND
An aircraft that would be arriving or coming into a city

INCOMING PTA
PTA which involves the recipt of the PTA wire by the ticketing office which becomes the authority to issue a ticket on behalf of the passenger.

INCREASE IN FARES
The difference between the old and new fares must be charged from the passenger
Fares start or fare applicable from the date or commencement of the journey
When cut off date is announced, and international travel commences before this cut-off date, no increased fares should be charge
If the international journey commences on or after this cut-off date, an increased fare should be charged, even if the ticket was purchased before the fare increase.

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