The Bottom-Up approach is the most common and involves the learner starting with focusing on factual knowledge first and then after they feel like they have a good understanding of the task, then they will slowly move upward to the more complex tasks. For example, if a student were writing a paper and using this technique, they would start with the groundwork and make sure that have every detail worked out before even creating the Doc or Word to start putting it together. 

For the Top-Down approach, this technique starts with hard stuff and then focuses on it. This strategy might be used in students who are more advanced or students who are engaging in problem-solving. For example, if another student were writing a paper over the same topic and using this technique, they might start with writing and breaking apart the argument before diving into some of the smaller details. They would be the type of person who would start writing right away and go back to critique and add more information later on