U3: Using Reasoning to Develop an Argument

Overview of Unit 3

3A. Identify and explain claims and evidence within an argument.

4A. Develop a paragraph that includes a claim and evidence supporting the claim.

5A. Describe the line of reasoning and explain whether it supports an argument’s overarching

thesis.

6A. Develop a line of reasoning and commentary that explains it throughout an argument.

5C. Recognize and explain the use of methods of development to accomplish a purpose.

6C. Use appropriate methods of development to advance an argument.

Line of Reasoning

● The line of reasoning is the list of reasons used to reach a conclusion. It can be used to justify the thesis/claim. 

● To determine the line of reasoning, it’s helpful to know the rhetorical situation, especially the audience and purpose.

● To define the line of reasoning, look for evidence, shifts in tone, claims, patterns of development, and the main idea of the text.

● After including evidence, make sure to explain how it connects to your line or reasoning/your argument.

● Here’s an example of how to format a body paragraph and a mnemonic device from College Board:

○ Claim = Reason

○ Evidence = Support to show the audience

○ Explanation = 2+ sentences to explain how the evidence supports the claim

○ Connection to thesis = What it means in relation to the thesis statement

PEEL

○ Point = Reason

○ Evidence = Support to show the audience

○ Explanation = 2+ sentences to explain how the evidence supports the claim

○ Link = What it means in relation to the thesis statement

Patterns/Modes of Development

● Writers organize their work in various ways. This is known as the pattern (or mode) of development. They organize their argument and reasoning through these various patterns of development.

● Here are the most common patterns of development:

○ Narration: Used for explaining the topic in a story format that is usually chronological. Discusses real life topics/stories.

○ Description: Uses lots of sensory details and tries to “paint a picture” for the audience in order for them to visualize something.

○ Process Analysis: Presents the reader with instructions to show the readers how something is done.

○ Exemplification: Explains one or more examples in great detail to provide clarity for the audience.

○ Classification: Divides one bigger concept into smaller individual ones to help the reader understand.

○ Compare/ Contrast: Highlights the similarities and differences between things.

○ Cause/Effect: Explains why something happens and why it matters.

○ Problem/Solution: Presents an issue along with reasonable solutions. 

Choosing Paragraph Patterns

● Here’s a visual to help you further understand the patterns of development.