Boko Haram
➔ Terrorist organization in the North, associated with the rise of Islamic insurgency.
Niger Delta
➔ Best known region where the Niger River enters the sea.
Hausa and Fulani
➔ Muslim ethnic groups concentrated in the north.
Igbo (also spelled Ibo)
➔ Christian ethnic group concentrated in the southeast.
Yoruba
➔ Ethnic group that inhabits the southwest whose members are divided among Christian, Muslim, and local animist faiths.
Sokoto Caliphate
➔ 1804 when Usman had declared jihad against the Hausa states and established this caliphate.
Scramble for Africa
➔ European powers asserting their authority in Africa after the Berlin Conference.
Sharia
➔ Islamic Law
Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe
➔ Political leader who emerged following WWII who established the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC). (First President of Nigeria)
First Republic
➔ Established on October 1, 1960 when Nigeria formally gained its independence.
Republic of Biafra
➔ Igbo-dominated Eastern Region seceded from Nigeria in May 1967.
Olusegun Obasanjo
➔ Former Military General who won the presidency during the 4th Republic. (Tried for a third term)
Second Republic
➔ After the new constitution was enacted in 1979. (Presidential System)
Muhammadu Buhari
➔ Current Nigerian president (since 2015)
General Ibrahim Babangida and General Sani Abacha
➔ Generals who dominated the period of military rule after 1983 for a decade and a half.
Third Republic
➔ Presidential elections were held in 1993 but Babangida annulled the results.
Ken Saro-Wiwa
➔ Writer and environmentalist who was a critic of the regime and of the Shell Oil Company's role in Nigeria.
Fourth Republic
➔ Obasanjo rose to power as the first head of state.
Goodluck Jonathan
➔ Ethnic Ijaw Christian from southern Nigeria. (Former President)
President Umaru Yar'Adua
➔ Died in office before Goodluck Jonathan first assumed presidency.
Federal Character Principle
➔ Quota system in which the Nigerian constitution requires the president to appoint ministers from each of the states of the Nigerian republic.
People's Democratic Party (PDP)
➔ Dominant party designed to enhance the legitimacy of presidential elections when the country returned to democracy in 1999.
Zoning
➔ Informal system of presidential rotation, established by PDP leaders, in which the party alternates every two terms nominating candidates from the north and the south.
All Progressives Congress (APC)
➔ Largest opposition party that elected Buhari. (Now majority party)
Derivation Formula
➔ Increase of oil revenues that lead to disputes over the national distribution of these funds.
Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP)
➔ Established by Ken Saro-Wiwa in the 1990s to defend the interests of the Ogoni that employed a variety of legal and extralegal political tactics.
Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)
➔ Organizations who’s loosely connected militant subgroups that have engaged in "bunkering" oil.
Resource Curse
➔ Economic difficulties exist not so much in spite of its oil resources.
National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS)
➔ Reform program launched in 2003 to improve Nigeria's economic development