Responses to exercise
Short Term REsponses (immediate effects)
Short Term REsponses (immediate effects)
Muscular system - short-term effects of exercise
- Increase muscle temperature
- Increase demand for o2
- Increase production of co2
- Increase lactic acid production
- Muscle fatigue
Cardiovascular system - short-term effects of exercise
- Increased heart rate (beats per minute)
- Increased blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)
- Increased stroke volume (amount of blood leaving heart per beat)
- Increased blood temperature
Respiratory system - short-term effects of exercise
- Increased frequency of tidal volume
- Increased depth of breathing
Long Term adaptations
Long Term adaptations
Skeletal system - Long-term adaptations
- Increased bone density
- Reduced chance of osteoporosis
- Better posture
- Reduced chance of fractures
- Stronger ligaments and tendons
Bone density can be improved through a balanced diet containing calcium & vitamin D and through weight-bearing activities such as running, walking and aerobics.
Muscular system - Long-term adaptations
- Increased strength of muscles
- Increased muscle hypertrophy (increased size of muscles)
- Increased myoglobin stores
- Tendons and ligaments also get stronger
Cardiovascular system - Long-term adaptations
- Decreased resting heart rate
- Increased cardiac output (amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute)
- Faster recovery rate
- Reduced blood pressure
- Hypertrophy of the myocardium (increased size and strength of heart)
- Healthy veins and arteries
- More Capillaries (capillarisation)
Respiratory system - Long-term adaptations
- Elasticity of lungs
- Capillary density around alveoli
- Hypertrophy of the respiratory muscles and improved fatigue resistance – the intercostals, diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and rectus abdominus can all adapt to the training.
Task:
Task:
- Have a go at this exam question (originally 6 marks)
- Then check the mark scheme at the bottom of this page.
Mark scheme from the exam question above