Phylum Cnidaria consists of jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, sea fans, and sea pens, all of which have radial symmetry and tentacles with specialized stinging cells known as cnidocytes. In these cells, they have organelles, called nematocysts, dart-like structures that inject toxins into prey or predators, making them efficient hunters. Their nervous system consists of a nerve net rather than a brain, which improves their environmental response and coordination.
They exhibit two primary body forms, sessile polyps and free-swimming medusae, which allow them to have diverse ecological niches in marine environments. They range from jellyfish drifting in the open water to colonial corals that contribute to large reefs. Cnidarians contribute greatly to habitat formation, food webs, and biodiversity.