Antidotes

Objective:

This page enlists the classification of drugs and provide the the reader an idea on different classes of drugs in several diseases.

DEFINITION

In case of consumption of a poison or over dose of a particular medicine beyond safer dose, the medication taken or given to counteract that particular poison or drug is known as antidote.

Drugs that prolong QT interval

Antidote for Insulin is Glucose (dextrose 50%)

Insulin's primary function is to lower blood glucose levels. If too much insulin is administered, or if the body's glucose stores are depleted, blood sugar can drop dangerously low, a condition known as hypoglycemia. Glucose, particularly in concentrated forms like dextrose 50%, is administered to rapidly raise blood sugar levels and counteract the effects of excess insulin.

Antidote for heparin is protamine sulfate.

Protamine sulfate is a basic protein that counteracts the anticoagulant effects of heparin by forming a stable, inactive complex with it. Heparin is a highly negatively charged molecule, and protamine, being positively charged, binds to it, neutralizing its effect and preventing it from interacting with antithrombin III, which is crucial for its anticoagulant activity. This makes protamine sulfate a specific reversal agent for heparin overdose or when rapid reversal of heparin's effects is needed, such as during excessive bleeding before or after surgery or dialysis. 

Antidote for iron poisoning is Deferoxamine [De-Fero-Oxamine].

Deferoxamine is an iron-chelating agent used to treat chronic iron overload, particularly in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias like beta-thalassemia major. Iron overload can lead to toxicity and dysfunction in organs such as the heart, liver, and endocrine system. Deferoxamine works by binding to excess iron in the body, forming a stable complex that can then be excreted, thus preventing iron from participating in harmful chemical reactions. It is typically administered parenterally due to its low oral absorption.

Antidote or paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is Acetylcysteine. 

Acetylcysteine works by reacting with a toxic metabolite of paracetamol, preventing liver damage. Acetylcysteine is most effective when administered within 10 hours of paracetamol exposure.

Antidote for opioid overdose is Naloxone. 

Naloxone is a medication that rapidly reverses the effects of an opioid overdose by blocking opioids from attaching to receptors in the brain. Naloxone can be administered by injection or as a nasal spray, and can be used by anyone with basic training. It's available free in Australia through the Take Home Naloxone Program to those at risk of, or who may witness, an opioid overdose.

Antidote for dopamine is phentolamine is an.

This refers to the use of phentolamine in specific medical situations:

• Phentolamine as an antidote for dopamine-induced extravasation: Phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, is used to prevent or treat tissue injury (like blanching and hematoma) that can occur if dopamine extravasates (leaks out of the blood vessel) during intravenous administration. 

Mechanism of action: Dopamine can cause vasoconstriction, leading to ischemia and tissue damage if it leaks into surrounding tissues. Phentolamine counteracts this by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasodilation and improving blood flow to the affected area. 

Clinical use: This application of phentolamine is particularly important in cases of high-dose dopamine infusions, but it can also be used in lower-dose situations, especially in vulnerable patients like neonates

References

Google AI overview for each drugs.