Mnemonics

Mnemonics

Some mnemonics

• Antimycobacterials-CRISPED (CCCRRisped) or DIP SCER or PRIEST (PRRIEST-E-D) (Capreomycin, Clofazimine, Cycloserine, Rifabutin, Rifampicin Isoniazid, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Dapsone)

• Memorize the alpha & beta receptors in under 60s!

• Pharmacology Antiarrhythmics Mnemonic

• DUMBBELLSor SLUDGE-Organophosphate Toxin Poisoning as well as symptoms associated with parasympathetic over-stimulation, often seen in cases of organophosphate poisoning.

    "SLUDGE" Mnemonic:

        S: alivation: Excessive salivation from parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands.

        L: acrimation: Lacrimal gland stimulation, stimulation of tear ducts (nasolacrimal duct) due to prolonged increased parasympathetic response.

        U: rination: Relaxation of the internal sphincter muscle of the urethra and contraction of the detrusor muscles.

        D: iaphoresis: Sweat gland stimulation.

        G: astrointestinal upset: Decreased gastric smooth muscle tone leading to diarrhea.

        E: mesis: Vomiting due to gastrointestinal disturbance. 

    "DUMBBELLSS" Mnemonic:

        D: iarrhea: Decreased gastric smooth muscle tone.

        U: rination: Relaxation of the internal sphincter muscle of the urethra and contraction of the detrusor muscles.

        M: iosis: Pupil constriction due to parasympathetic and acetylcholine overstimulation.

        B: radycardia: Increased parasympathetic response from persistent acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

        B: ronchoconstriction: Continuous muscle contraction due to acetylcholine retention at the neuromuscular end plate.

        E: xcitation: Involuntary movements, twitching, and seizure activity from muscle and central nervous system excitation.

        L: acrimation:  Lacrimal gland stimulation, stimulation of tear ducts (nasolacrimal duct) due to prolonged increased parasympathetic response.

        L: ethargy: Fatigue from prolonged muscular contraction due to increased parasympathetic activity.

        S: alivation: Excessive salivation from parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands.

   S: weat:  Sweat gland stimulation (Diaphoresis).

The detrusor muscle is a layer of smooth muscle found in the wall of the urinary bladder. Its primary function is to contract during urination to expel urine from the bladder into the urethra. It also relaxes to allow the bladder to fill with urine. The detrusor muscle is crucial for both storage and emptying of urine.